scholarly journals High-throughput method for detection and quantification of lesions on leaf scale based on trypan blue staining and digital image analysis

Plant Methods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Mulaosmanovic ◽  
Tobias U. T. Lindblom ◽  
Marie Bengtsson ◽  
Sofia T. Windstam ◽  
Lars Mogren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Wounded Area ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Abstract Background Field-grown leafy vegetables can be damaged by biotic and abiotic factors, or mechanically damaged by farming practices. Available methods to evaluate leaf tissue damage mainly rely on colour differentiation between healthy and damaged tissues. Alternatively, sophisticated equipment such as microscopy and hyperspectral cameras can be employed. Depending on the causal factor, colour change in the wounded area is not always induced and, by the time symptoms become visible, a plant can already be severely affected. To accurately detect and quantify damage on leaf scale, including microlesions, reliable differentiation between healthy and damaged tissue is essential. We stained whole leaves with trypan blue dye, which traverses compromised cell membranes but is not absorbed in viable cells, followed by automated quantification of damage on leaf scale. Results We present a robust, fast and sensitive method for leaf-scale visualisation, accurate automated extraction and measurement of damaged area on leaves of leafy vegetables. The image analysis pipeline we developed automatically identifies leaf area and individual stained (lesion) areas down to cell level. As proof of principle, we tested the methodology for damage detection and quantification on two field-grown leafy vegetable species, spinach and Swiss chard. Conclusions Our novel lesion quantification method can be used for detection of large (macro) or single-cell (micro) lesions on leaf scale, enabling quantification of lesions at any stage and without requiring symptoms to be in the visible spectrum. Quantifying the wounded area on leaf scale is necessary for generating prediction models for economic losses and produce shelf-life. In addition, risk assessments are based on accurate prediction of the relationship between leaf damage and infection rates by opportunistic pathogens and our method helps determine the severity of leaf damage at fine resolution.

scholarly journals A fast, nondestructive method for the detection of disease-related lesions and wounded leaves

BioTechniques ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais Zahid ◽  
Murilo Sandroni ◽  
Ramesh Raju Vetukuri ◽  
Erik Andreasson
Keyword(s):  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Trypan Blue Staining ◽  
Infrared Scanning ◽  
Wound Responses

Trypan blue staining is a classic way of visualizing leaf disease and wound responses in plants, but it involves working with toxic chemicals and is time-consuming (2–3 days). Here, the investigators established near-infrared scanning with standard lab equipment as a fast and nondestructive method for the analysis of leaf injuries compared with trypan blue staining. Pathogen-inoculated and wounded leaves from potato, tomato, spinach, strawberry, and arabidopsis plants were used for proof of concept. The results showed that this newly developed protocol with near-infrared scanning gave the same results as trypan blue staining. Furthermore, a macro in FIJI was made to quantify the leaf damage. The new protocol was time-efficient, nondestructive, chemical-free and may be used for high-throughput studies.

Trypan blue staining in vitreoretinal surgery

Ophthalmology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 1622-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Rebolleda ◽  
Francisco José Muñoz Negrete ◽  
Marta Suarez-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Trypan Blue Staining

Use of trypan blue staining to assess the quality of ovarian cryopreservation

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1200-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Fauque ◽  
Anis Ben Amor ◽  
Christiane Joanne ◽  
Germain Agnani ◽  
Jean Luc Bresson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Trypan Blue Staining

scholarly journals Inadvertent Trypan Blue Staining of Posterior Capsule during Cataract Surgery Associated with “Argentinian Flag” Event

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Robert A. Prinzi ◽  
Neeti M. Alapati ◽  
Shawn S. Gappy ◽  
Jason S. Dilly
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Posterior Capsule ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Anterior Capsule ◽  
Trypan Blue Staining ◽  
First Case

Trypan blue is common in visualizing the anterior capsule during cataract surgery. Inadvertent staining of the posterior capsule during phacoemulsification is a rare complication and there are few reports in the literature. The proposed mechanism of posterior capsule staining in previous reports includes a compromised zonular apparatus or iris retractors facilitating the posterior flow of trypan blue. We report the first case of trypan blue staining of the posterior capsule associated with the “Argentinian flag” sign. In our case, the “Argentinian flag” allowed the trypan blue to seep between the posterior capsule and the lens, staining the anterior surface of the posterior capsule.

scholarly journals To React or Not to React: The Dilemma of Fish Immune Systems Facing Myxozoan Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid S. Holzer ◽  
M. Carla Piazzon ◽  
Damien Barrett ◽  
Jerri L. Bartholomew ◽  
Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Host Immune System

Myxozoans are microscopic, metazoan, obligate parasites, belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. In contrast to the free-living lifestyle of most members of this taxon, myxozoans have complex life cycles alternating between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Vertebrate hosts are primarily fish, although they are also reported from amphibians, reptiles, trematodes, mollusks, birds and mammals. Invertebrate hosts include annelids and bryozoans. Most myxozoans are not overtly pathogenic to fish hosts, but some are responsible for severe economic losses in fisheries and aquaculture. In both scenarios, the interaction between the parasite and the host immune system is key to explain such different outcomes of this relationship. Innate immune responses contribute to the resistance of certain fish strains and species, and the absence or low levels of some innate and regulatory factors explain the high pathogenicity of some infections. In many cases, immune evasion explains the absence of a host response and allows the parasite to proliferate covertly during the first stages of the infection. In some infections, the lack of an appropriate regulatory response results in an excessive inflammatory response, causing immunopathological consequences that are worse than inflicted by the parasite itself. This review will update the available information about the immune responses against Myxozoa, with special focus on T and B lymphocyte and immunoglobulin responses, how these immune effectors are modulated by different biotic and abiotic factors, and on the mechanisms of immune evasion targeting specific immune effectors. The current and future design of control strategies for myxozoan diseases is based on understanding this myxozoan-fish interaction, and immune-based strategies such as improvement of innate and specific factors through diets and additives, host genetic selection, passive immunization and vaccination, are starting to be considered.

scholarly journals Η χρήση του πεπτιδίου Ec της ισόμορφης IGF-1Ec στην επισκευή χόνδρινων βλαβών

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Νικόλαος Αρμακόλας
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Invasion Assays

Το πεπτίδιο Ec (PEc) του IGF-1Ec (IGF-1Ec) επάγει την κινητοποίηση των ανθρωπίνων μεσεγχυματικών βλαστικών κυττάρων (hMSC) και ενεργοποιεί την εξωκυτταρική κινάση 1 και 2 (ERK 1/2) διαφόρων κυττάρων. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση της επιδρασης του PEc στην κινητοποίηση και τη διαφοροποίηση των hMSCs, καθώς και η δυνατότητα εφαρμογής του σε συνδυασμό με τον TGF-β1 (TGF-β1) στην επιδιόρθωση του αρθρικού χόνδρου. Τα αποτελέσματα της εξωγενούς χορήγησης του ΡΕc και του ΤGF-β1, ξεχωριστά και σε συνδυασμό, σε hMSCs εκτιμήθηκαν χρησιμοποιώντας trypan blue assay, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, Alcian blue staining, wound healing assays και migration/invasion assays. Προσδιορίστηκε ότι το PEc εμπλέκεται στη διαδικασία διαφοροποίησης των hMSCs προς υαλώδη χόνδρο. Η χορήγηση PEc ή / και TGF-β1 σε hMSCs έδειξε συγκρίσιμη εναπόθεση χονδρικής θεμέλειας ουσίας. Ακόμα, η χορήγηση του ΡΕc σε συνδυασμό με τον ΤGF-β1 συσχετίστηκε με μια σημαντική αύξηση στην κινητοποίηση των hMSC σε σύγκριση με την χορήγηση μόνο του TGF-β1 ή του ΡEc (Ρ <0,05). Επομένως, το ΡΕc φαίνεται να διευκολύνει in vitro την κινητοποίηση των hMSC και την διαφοροποίηση τους προς χονδροκύτταρα, ενισχύοντας το ρόλο του ΤGF-β1.

Finding a Novel Threadlike Structure on the Intra-abdominal Organ Surface of Small Pigs by Using In Vivo Trypan Blue Staining

2011 ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayati M. Hossein ◽  
Tian Yu-Ying ◽  
Huang Tao ◽  
Zhang Yu-Qing ◽  
Che Yong-Zhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Abdominal Organ ◽  
Trypan Blue Staining

scholarly journals Probabilistic prediction of wildfire economic losses to housing in Cyprus using Bayesian network analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Papakosta ◽  
G. Xanthopoulos ◽  
D. Straub
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Probabilistic Prediction ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Wildfire Hazard

Loss prediction models are an important part of wildfire risk assessment, but have received only limited attention in the scientific literature. Such models can support decision-making on preventive measures targeting fuels or potential ignition sources, on fire suppression, on mitigation of consequences and on effective allocation of funds. This paper presents a probabilistic model for predicting wildfire housing loss at the mesoscale (1 km2) using Bayesian network (BN) analysis. The BN enables the construction of an integrated model based on causal relationships among the influencing parameters jointly with the associated uncertainties. Input data and models are gathered from literature and expert knowledge to overcome the lack of housing loss data in the study area. Numerical investigations are carried out with spatiotemporal datasets for the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The BN is coupled with a geographic information system (GIS) and the resulting estimated house damages for a given fire hazard are shown in maps. The BN model can be attached to a wildfire hazard model to determine wildfire risk in a spatially explicit manner. The developed model is specific to areas with house characteristics similar to those found in Cyprus, but the general methodology is transferable to any other area, as well as other damages.

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