Abstract
Background
Early intervention (EI) and special education (SE) are beneficial for children with developmental disabilities and/or delays and their families, yet there are disparities in service use. We sought to identify the birth characteristics that predict EI/SE service use patterns.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data from five sources for all children born in 1998 to New York City resident mothers. Multinomial regression was used to identify birth characteristics that predicted predominant patterns of service use.
Results
Children with service use patterns characterized by late or limited/no EI use were more likely to be first-born children and have Black or Latina mothers. Children born with a gestational age ≤31 weeks were more likely to enter services early. Early term gestational age was associated with patterns of service use common to children with pervasive developmental delay, and maternal obesity was associated with the initiation of speech therapy at the time of entry into school.
Conclusions
Maternal racial disparities existed for patterns of EI/SE service use. Specific birth characteristics, such as parity and gestational age, may be useful to better identify children who are at risk for suboptimal EI use.
Hookah use patterns, social influence and associated other substance use among a sample of New York City public university students
