scholarly journals Commonly diagnosed mental disorders in a general hospital system

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Scott ◽  
Alessandra M. Beauchamp-Lebrón ◽  
Ashley A. Rosa-Jiménez ◽  
Javier G. Hernández-Justiniano ◽  
Axel Ramos-Lucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Psychology ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Clinical Health Psychology ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
A Current

Abstract Background Considering many patients receive care from general hospitals, these healthcare institutions are uniquely situated to address mental and physical health needs. Little is documented, however, on the common current mental disorders diagnosed in patients receiving care in general hospital settings, especially in Puerto Rico. The objective of this study was to characterize the five most common current DSM-5 mental disorder diagnoses made in patients receiving non-psychiatric medical and surgical care from a general hospital system in southern Puerto Rico between January 2015 and December 2019. Methods Our clinical health psychology team provides integrated psychology consultation-liaison services to select clinical units in general hospitals across the southwestern region of Puerto Rico. The clinical team conducted routine standardized psychological evaluations at patients' bedside, arrived at a current DSM-5 diagnosis if warranted, and documented the diagnosis and other select variables. A retrospective study of cross-sectional data generated from the clinical team’s standardized evaluations of 5494 medical patients was implemented. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to assess the odds of being diagnosed with a current DSM-5 mental disorder during hospitalization. Results Overall, 53% of the entire sample was diagnosed with a mental disorder during hospitalization. Major depressive, neurocognitive, anxiety, substance-related and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders were the most frequently diagnosed. Interestingly, females were 23% less likely to have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder than males (aOR: 0.769, CI [0.650, 0.909], p = 0.002). This is to say males evidenced 1.30 higher odds of being diagnosed with depression compared to their female counterpart. Age, biological sex, civil status, employment status, monthly household income, previous mental disorder and history substance use/abuse history was differentially associated with receiving a current DSM-5 disorder. Conclusion The integration of clinical health psychology services within a general hospital facilitated our team’s work of identifying and treating co-occurring mental disorders among hospitalized patients receiving medical and surgical care. Future studies examining the opportunities and barriers of integrating clinical health psychology services within a general hospital’s administrative and clinical infrastructure for rapid identification and treatment of co-occurring mental disorders among medical patients is encouraged.

scholarly journals Commonly Diagnosed Mental Disorders in a General Hospital System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Scott ◽  
Alessandra Beauchamp-Lebrón ◽  
Ashley Rosa-Jiménez ◽  
Javier Hernández-Justiniano ◽  
Axel Ramos-Lucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Psychology ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Clinical Health Psychology

Abstract Background: Considering many patients seek care from general hospitals, these healthcare institutions are uniquely situated to address comorbid mental and physical health needs. Little is documented, however, on the most common mental disorders in patients seeking care in general hospital settings, especially in Puerto Rico. The objective of this study was to characterize the five most common DSM-5 mental disorder diagnoses made in a hospital system in southern Puerto Rico between January 2015 and December 2019. Methods: A retrospective study of cross-sectional data obtained from 5,494 inpatients was implemented and a multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the odds of being diagnosed with a current mental disorder.Results: Overall, 53% of the entire sample was diagnosed with a mental disorder during hospitalization. Major depressive, neurocognitive, anxiety, substance-related and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders were the most frequently diagnosed. Interestingly, females were 23% less likely to have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder than males (aOR: .769, CI [.650, .909], p = .002). Thus, males evidenced 1.30 higher odds of being diagnosed with depression. Conclusion: The integration of clinical health psychology services within a general hospital facilitated our team’s work of identifying and treating co-occurring mental disorders among hospitalized patients. Future studies examining the opportunities and barriers of integrating clinical health psychology services within a general hospital’s administrative and clinical infrastructure for rapid identification and treatment of co-occurring mental disorders among medical patients are warranted.

Types of Mental Disorders in People with Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Challenging Behaviours

Mental disorders are common in people with intellectual disability, with a reported point prevalence of 36% in children and young people (including challenging behaviours), and 40.9% in adults (or 28.3% excluding challenging behaviours). People with intellectual disability experience all types of mental disorders, some more commonly than the general population, e.g. autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and dementia. Challenging behaviours are also common, and have no clear general population equivalent. Multi-morbidity of mental and physical disorders is typical. Mental disorder assessments are complex due to multi-morbidity and polypharmacy, in addition to impairments in communication, understanding, vision, and hearing, and the need to work with family and paid carers as well as the person with intellectual disability. Mental disorder classificatory systems have been developed for people with intellectual disability, in view of under-reporting when using general population manuals: DC-LD was designed to complement ICD-10, and DM-ID 2 to interpret DSM-5.

scholarly journals Psychological Treatment of Medical Patients Struggling with Harmful Substance Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Donna Belcinski
Keyword(s):  
Health Psychology ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Harmful Substance ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Clinical Health Psychology

As part of the Clinical Health Psychology Series, Psychological Treatment of Medical Patients Struggling with Harmful Substance Use is a comprehensive yet concise book that explains the neurobiology of addiction and offers clear guidance on how to spot and treat it.

Science, Philosophy, and Diagnosis

2015 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Joel Paris
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Science Philosophy

Mental disorders need not be seen as “real” in the same way as medical diagnoses. Current categories of mental disorder are not well validated, and can best be considered as heuristics. Overdiagnosis ignores these limitations, sometimes leading to diagnostic epidemics in which many different phenomena are seen as belonging to the same category. The use of DSM-5 as a gold standard has also distorted psychiatric epidemiology, which has been based on syndromal definitions rather than empirically validated categories. These concepts have made it all too easy to diagnose almost everyone with some form of mental disorder.

scholarly journals The opinion of patients with mental disorder about tobacco and its prohibition in psychiatric hospitalization

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Marques de Oliveira ◽  
Antonia Regina Ferreira Furegato
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Thematic Content

Objective: To identify the opinion of patients with mental disorder about tobacco and its prohibition during psychiatric hospitalization. Method: An exploratory study with 96 patients smokers with mental disorders hospitalized in a psychiatric ward of a general hospital. The interviews were conducted individually, using an instrument designed for this study. The content from the interviews was recorded, transcribed and submitted to a thematic content analysis. Results: The patients with mental disorder were identified as perceiving smoking during the psychiatric hospitalization as a help to support the difficulties in socialization and in the lack of activities. The permission for smoking is seen as a signal of respect to their needs. The subjects mentioned to not accept the total smoking prohibition. Conclusion: Tobacco helps to face difficulties and conflicts in the psychiatric hospitalization. There is resistance regarding the possibility to totally withdraw the smoking permission during hospitalization.



Biology and Genetics in DSM-5

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Specificity ◽  
Porous Boundaries

DSM-5 includes a number of statements concerning the biology and genetics of mental disorders, and these represent a significant landmark in the history of psychiatry. According to DSM-5, there are no laboratory tests, x-rays, or other biological markers for any mental disorder; there is no physiological specificity to any mental disorder; there is no genetic specificity to any mental disorder; and there is no symptom specificity to DSM-5 disorders. DSM-5 disorders, according to the manual, have porous boundaries with each other, have high rates of comorbidity, and fluctuate a great deal over time. The risk genes for mental disorders number in the hundreds, each contributes perhaps 1%–2% to the overall risk, and the same genes confer risk for multiple DSM-5 categories of disorder. The idea that DSM disorders are separate diseases with distinct pathophysiologies has been disconfirmed by the DSM-5, and therefore by the American Psychiatric Association, as it has by the National Institutes of Mental Health.

The Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity in General Hospital Inpatients

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Clarke ◽  
I. Harry Minas ◽  
Geoffrey W. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Hospital Inpatients ◽  
A Current

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in a sample of medical and surgical inpatients in an Australian general hospital. Using the 60-item General Health Questionnaire, the estimated prevalence was 30% (previous studies have yielded estimates generally between 20 and 50%). The prevalence of morbidity was significantly higher in medical (45%) than in surgical (23%) inpatients. Twelve percent of patients (20% of medical patients and 8% of surgical patients) satisfied DSM-Ill criteria for a current Major Depressive Episode. Anxiety scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were higher than those reported in general population samples. There were no significant differences between males and females on any scores. The problems associated with the definition and identification of depressive and anxiety syndromes in medical and surgical inpatients are discussed, whilst the importance of this task is emphasized.

Angststörungen – von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Timo D. Vloet ◽  
Marcel Romanos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Nach 12 Jahren Entwicklung wird die 11. Version der International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) im Januar 2022 in Kraft treten. Methodik: Im Rahmen eines selektiven Übersichtsartikels werden die Veränderungen im Hinblick auf die Klassifikation von Angststörungen von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11 zusammenfassend dargestellt. Ergebnis: Die diagnostischen Kriterien der generalisierten Angststörung, Agoraphobie und spezifischen Phobien werden angepasst. Die ICD-11 wird auf Basis einer Lebenszeitachse neu organisiert, sodass die kindesaltersspezifischen Kategorien der ICD-10 aufgelöst werden. Die Trennungsangststörung und der selektive Mutismus werden damit den „regulären“ Angststörungen zugeordnet und können zukünftig auch im Erwachsenenalter diagnostiziert werden. Neu ist ebenso, dass verschiedene Symptomdimensionen der Angst ohne kategoriale Diagnose verschlüsselt werden können. Diskussion: Die Veränderungen im Bereich der Angsterkrankungen umfassen verschiedene Aspekte und sind in der Gesamtschau nicht unerheblich. Positiv zu bewerten ist die Einführung einer Lebenszeitachse und Parallelisierung mit dem Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Schlussfolgerungen: Die entwicklungsbezogene Neuorganisation in der ICD-11 wird auch eine verstärkte längsschnittliche Betrachtung von Angststörungen in der Klinik sowie Forschung zur Folge haben. Damit rückt insbesondere die Präventionsforschung weiter in den Fokus.

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