scholarly journals Interactions between the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex as upstream regulators of the hippocampus to reconsolidate and enhance retrieved inhibitory avoidance memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hotaka Fukushima ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Satoshi Kida
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Inhibitory Avoidance ◽  
Memory Reconsolidation ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
New Information ◽  
Avoidance Memory ◽  
Upstream Regulators

AbstractMemory reconsolidation is thought to maintain or enhance an original memory or add new information to the memory. Retrieved inhibitory avoidance (IA) memory is enhanced through memory reconsolidation by activating gene expression in the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and hippocampus. However, it remains unclear how these regions interact to reconsolidate/enhance IA memory. Here, we found the interactions between the amygdala and mPFC as upstream regulators of the hippocampus for IA memory reconsolidation. Pharmacological inactivation of the amygdala, mPFC, or hippocampus immediately after IA memory retrieval blocked IA memory enhancement. More importantly, inactivation of the amygdala or mPFC blocked the induction of c-Fos in the amygdala, mPFC, and hippocampus, whereas hippocampal blockade inhibited it only in the hippocampus. These observations suggest interactions between the amygdala and mPFC and they both function as upstream regulators of the hippocampus to reconsolidate IA memory. Our findings suggest circuitry mechanisms underlying IA memory enhancement through reconsolidation between the amygdala, mPFC, and hippocampus.

scholarly journals Enhancement of fear memory by retrieval through reconsolidation

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hotaka Fukushima ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Georgia Archbold ◽  
Rie Ishikawa ◽  
Karim Nader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Inhibitory Avoidance ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Memory Reconsolidation ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
New Information ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Simultaneous Activation ◽  
Responsive Element

Memory retrieval is considered to have roles in memory enhancement. Recently, memory reconsolidation was suggested to reinforce or integrate new information into reactivated memory. Here, we show that reactivated inhibitory avoidance (IA) memory is enhanced through reconsolidation under conditions in which memory extinction is not induced. This memory enhancement is mediated by neurons in the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) through the simultaneous activation of calcineurin-induced proteasome-dependent protein degradation and cAMP responsive element binding protein-mediated gene expression. Interestingly, the amygdala is required for memory reconsolidation and enhancement, whereas the hippocampus and mPFC are required for only memory enhancement. Furthermore, memory enhancement triggered by retrieval utilizes distinct mechanisms to strengthen IA memory by additional learning that depends only on the amygdala. Our findings indicate that reconsolidation functions to strengthen the original memory and show the dynamic nature of reactivated memory through protein degradation and gene expression in multiple brain regions.

scholarly journals Dopamine Receptor D1/D5 Gene Expression in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Impulsive Choice in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1064-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Loos ◽  
Tommy Pattij ◽  
Mieke C. W. Janssen ◽  
Danielle S. Counotte ◽  
Anton N. M. Schoffelmeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Impulsive Choice

scholarly journals Schema support for forming inferences in the human brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Philippe Paulus ◽  
Carlo Vignali ◽  
Marc N Coutanche
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Memory Integration ◽  
New Information ◽  
Neural Integration ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Memory Schema ◽  
The Brain

Associative inference, the process of drawing novel links between existing knowledge to rapidly integrate associated information, is supported by the hippocampus and neocortex. Within the neocortex, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in the rapid cortical learning of new information that is congruent with an existing framework of knowledge, or schema. How the brain integrates associations to form inferences, specifically how inferences are represented, is not well understood. In this study, we investigate how the brain uses schemas to facilitate memory integration in an associative inference paradigm (A-B-C-D). We conducted two event-related fMRI experiments in which participants retrieved previously learned direct (AB, BC, CD) and inferred (AC, AD) associations between word pairs for items that are schema congruent or incongruent. Additionally, we investigated how two factors known to affect memory, a delay with sleep, and reward, modulate the neural integration of associations within, and between, schema. Schema congruency was found to benefit the integration of associates, but only when retrieval immediately follows learning. RSA revealed that neural patterns of inferred pairs (AC) in the PHc, mPFC, and posHPC were more similar to their constituents (AB and BC) when the items were schema congruent, suggesting that schema facilitates the assimilation of paired items into a single inferred unit containing all associated elements. Furthermore, a delay with sleep, but not reward, impacted the assimilation of inferred pairs. Our findings reveal that the neural representations of overlapping associations are integrated into novel representations through the support of memory schema.

Effects of cocaine base paste on anxiety-like behavior and immediate-early gene expression in nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex of female mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 236 (12) ◽  
pp. 3525-3539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno G. Berardino ◽  
Estefanía A. Fesser ◽  
Laura M. Belluscio ◽  
Octavio Gianatiempo ◽  
Nicolás Pregi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Immediate Early Gene ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Early Gene Expression ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Cocaine Base
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document