scholarly journals Bartonella infections in three species of Microtus: prevalence and genetic diversity, vertical transmission and the effect of concurrent Babesia microti infection on its success

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Tołkacz ◽  
Mohammed Alsarraf ◽  
Maciej Kowalec ◽  
Dorota Dwużnik ◽  
Maciej Grzybek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Babesia Microti

scholarly journals Prevalence and diversity of piroplasms and ticks in young raccoons and an association of Babesia sensu stricto infections with splenomegaly

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Buck Garrett ◽  
Renee Schott ◽  
Lea Peshock ◽  
Michael J. Yabsley
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of

AbstractPiroplasms are intraerythrocytic parasites that are often transmitted by ixodid ticks, but vertical transmission is an alternative route for some species. In the USA, raccoons (Procyon lotor) are hosts for two known species, a Babesia microti-like sp. and Babesia lotori (in Babesia sensu stricto group). To better understand the natural history of Babesia in raccoons, we tested young raccoons from Minnesota and Colorado for Babesia spp., examined them for ticks, and assessing for splenomegaly as a sign of clinical disease. Raccoons from both states were infected with B. microti-like sp. and Babesia sensu stricto spp. Infections of B. microti-like were common, even in 1-week-old raccoons, suggesting vertical transmission. Babesia sensu stricto infections were more common in older raccoons. Raccoons infected with Babesia sensu stricto had significantly higher spleen:body weight ratios compared with uninfected or B. microti-like sp.-infected raccoons. Ticks were only found on raccoons from Minnesota. The most common and abundant tick was Ixodes texanus but Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis were also found on raccoons. We report piroplasm infections and infestations with several tick species in very young raccoons. Young raccoons infected with Babesia sensu stricto spp. had higher spleen:body weight ratios, suggesting a disease risk.

scholarly journals Babesiosis due to the canine Babesia microti-like small piroplasm in dogs - first report from Portugal and possible vertical transmission

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Simões ◽  
Luís Cardoso ◽  
Manuela Araújo ◽  
Yael Yisaschar-Mekuzas ◽  
Gad Baneth
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals Vertical Transmission: A Vector-Independent Transmission Pathway of Babesia microti in the Natural Reservoir Host Peromyscus leucopus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M Tufts ◽  
Maria A Diuk-Wasser
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Generation Offspring

Abstract Background Babesia microti, a malaria-like pathogen, is increasing in mammal and human populations in endemic areas and is unlikely to be the sole result of horizontal pathogen transmission. Methods Peromyscus leucopus mice, natural reservoir hosts, were infected via Ixodes scapularis nymphs. Infected parental females (n = 6) produced F1 offspring (n = 36) that were screened for B. microti using quantitative PCR. Xenodiagnostic larvae were fed on infected offspring to determine horizontal transmission and pathogen viability. Fifty engorged larvae were screened; the rest were allowed to molt and then screened to determine transstadial transmission. Infected F1 generation offspring were placed in breeding groups, producing 34 F2 offspring and screened for B. microti infection. Chronic infection was monitored in parental females since time of initial vector infection. Results Vertical transmission of B. microti was 74% efficient in offspring born in the first 6 months. Horizontal transmission occurred in larvae (61% prevalence) and molted nymphs (58% prevalence); these nymphs were able to infect susceptible hosts. F2 generation offspring infection prevalence was 38%. Chronic infection persisted for 1 year in some adults. Conclusions These results demonstrate that vertical transmission is an important nonvector-mediated pathway of B. microti transmission in the natural reservoir host.

scholarly journals Wide Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Babesia microti in Small Mammals from Yunnan Province, Southwestern China

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0005898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Hou Gao ◽  
Tao-Hua Huang ◽  
Bao-Gui Jiang ◽  
Na Jia ◽  
Zheng-Xiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Southwestern China

scholarly journals Genetic stability of equine arteritis virus during horizontal and vertical transmission in an outbreak of equine viral arteritis

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1949-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udeni B. R. Balasuriya ◽  
Jodi F. Hedges ◽  
Steven A. Nadler ◽  
William H. McCollum ◽  
Peter J. Timoney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Equine Arteritis Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Equine Viral Arteritis ◽  
N Proteins

An imported carrier stallion (A) from Europe was implicated in causing an extensive outbreak of equine viral arteritis (EVA) on a Warmblood breeding farm in Pennsylvania, USA. Strains of equine arteritis virus (EAV) present in the semen of two carrier stallions (A and G) on the farm were compared to those in tissues of foals born during the outbreak, as well as viruses present in the semen of two other stallions that became persistently infected carriers of EAV following infection during the outbreak. The 2822 bp segment encompassing ORFs 2–7 (nt 9807–12628; which encode the GS, GP3, GP4, GL, M and N proteins, respectively) was directly amplified by RT–PCR from semen samples and foal tissues. Nucleotide and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that virus present in the semen of stallion A initiated the outbreak. The genomes of viruses present in most foal tissues (10/11) and serum from an acutely infected mare collected during the outbreak were identical to that of virus present in the lung of the first foal that died of EVA. Virus in the placenta of one foal differed by one nucleotide (99·9% identity) from the predominant outbreak virus. The relative genetic stability of viruses that circulated during the outbreak contrasts markedly with the heterogeneous virus populations variously present in the semen of persistently infected stallions on the farm. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the carrier stallion can be a source of genetic diversity of EAV, and that outbreaks of EVA can be initiated by the horizontal aerosol transmission of specific viral variants that occur in the semen of particular carrier stallions.

scholarly journals Vertical Transmission of Babesia microti in BALB/c Mice: Preliminary Report

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e0137731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Bednarska ◽  
Anna Bajer ◽  
Anna Drozdowska ◽  
Ewa J. Mierzejewska ◽  
Katarzyna Tolkacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Babesia Microti

scholarly journals Prevalence, genetic identity and vertical transmission of Babesia microti in three naturally infected species of vole, Microtus spp. (Cricetidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Tołkacz ◽  
Małgorzata Bednarska ◽  
Mohammed Alsarraf ◽  
Dorota Dwużnik ◽  
Maciej Grzybek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Microtus Spp

Genetic diversity ofBabesiainIxodes persulcatusand small mammals from North Ural and West Siberia, Russia

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. RAR ◽  
T. I. EPIKHINA ◽  
N. N. LIVANOVA ◽  
V. V. PANOV
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
The Us

SUMMARYObjective.The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and genetic diversity ofBabesiainIxodes persulcatusticks and small mammals from Ural and Siberia in Russia.Methods.In total, 481 small mammals and 922 questing adultI. persulcatusfrom North Ural (Sverdlovsk region) and West Siberia (Novosibirsk region) were examined for the presence ofBabesiaby nested PCR based on the 18S rRNA gene.Results.Babesia microtiof the ‘Munich’-type was found in 36·2% of blood samples of the small mammals from the Sverdlovsk region andB. microtiof the ‘US’-type in 5·3% of the animals from the Novosibirsk region.BabesiaDNA was not detected in 133 analysedI. persulcatusfrom the Sverdlovsk region; however, it was found in 24 of 789 ticks from the Novosibirsk region. Three distinctBabesiaspecies were detected inI. persulcatus. B. microti‘US’-type was identified in 10 ticks,Babesiaclosely related toB. divergens/B. capreoliin 2 ticks, andBabesiaclosely related toB. venatorum(EU1) in 12 ticks.Conclusion.To our knowledge, this is the first detection ofBabesia sensu strictoinI. persulcatusticks and ofB. microtiinI. persulcatusin the Asian part of Russia.

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