Genetic diversity ofBabesiainIxodes persulcatusand small mammals from North Ural and West Siberia, Russia

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. RAR ◽  
T. I. EPIKHINA ◽  
N. N. LIVANOVA ◽  
V. V. PANOV
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
The Us

SUMMARYObjective.The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and genetic diversity ofBabesiainIxodes persulcatusticks and small mammals from Ural and Siberia in Russia.Methods.In total, 481 small mammals and 922 questing adultI. persulcatusfrom North Ural (Sverdlovsk region) and West Siberia (Novosibirsk region) were examined for the presence ofBabesiaby nested PCR based on the 18S rRNA gene.Results.Babesia microtiof the ‘Munich’-type was found in 36·2% of blood samples of the small mammals from the Sverdlovsk region andB. microtiof the ‘US’-type in 5·3% of the animals from the Novosibirsk region.BabesiaDNA was not detected in 133 analysedI. persulcatusfrom the Sverdlovsk region; however, it was found in 24 of 789 ticks from the Novosibirsk region. Three distinctBabesiaspecies were detected inI. persulcatus. B. microti‘US’-type was identified in 10 ticks,Babesiaclosely related toB. divergens/B. capreoliin 2 ticks, andBabesiaclosely related toB. venatorum(EU1) in 12 ticks.Conclusion.To our knowledge, this is the first detection ofBabesia sensu strictoinI. persulcatusticks and ofB. microtiinI. persulcatusin the Asian part of Russia.

scholarly journals High prevalence of Babesia microti in small mammals in Beijing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Yan Wei ◽  
Xiao-Mei Wang ◽  
Zhen-Sheng Wang ◽  
Zhi-Hua Wang ◽  
Zeng-Zhi Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Alignments

Abstract Background Babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic infectious disease. Babesia microti is responsible for most cases of human babesiosis globally. It is important to investigate the prevalence of B. microti in the mammalian host population of a specific region in order to elucidate mechanisms of pathogen transmission and to define geographic areas where humans face the greatest risk of exposure. The aim of this study is to understand the prevalence and genotypes of B. microti in the small mammals that are found in Beijing, China. Methods We trapped small mammals from all of the 16 urban, suburban, and outer suburban districts of Beijing during the years 2014, 2017 and 2018. Genomic DNA was extracted from the heart tissues individually and the Babesia 18S rRNA gene was detected by PCR. The genotypes of B. microti were identified based on sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis. The morphology of the parasites was observed under light microscopy. The risk factors were analyzed statistically based on both univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 1391 small mammals were collected. Positive infection of B. microti was detected in 12.1% (168/1391) of small mammals from 15 out of the 16 districts. Both Kobe-type and U.S.-type B. microti, accounting for 9.5% and 2.7%, respectively, were identified. Classic diverse morphologic forms of B. microti were observed. Specific types of ecological habitats including shrub areas, broad-leaved forest, and cropland were revealed to be risk factors associated with B. microti infection. Conclusions This study demonstrated the wide prevalence of B. microti infection in eight species of small mammals in Beijing, with Kobe-type more prevalent than U.S.-type. This study provides fundamental information for the development of informed prevention and control measures by public health authorities; the data gathered indicates a need for further monitoring of both clinical diseases in individuals presenting with babesiosis-like symptoms, as well as the infection status of ticks in high risk areas.

scholarly journals Detection of Two Zoonotic Babesia microti Lineages, the Hobetsu and U.S. Lineages, in Two Sympatric Tick Species, Ixodes ovatus and Ixodes persulcatus, Respectively, in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 3424-3430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Zamoto-Niikura ◽  
Masayoshi Tsuji ◽  
Wei Qiang ◽  
Minoru Nakao ◽  
Haruyuki Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Investigation ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Vector Capacity

ABSTRACTThe speciesBabesia microti, commonly found in rodents, demonstrates a high degree of genetic diversity. Three lineages, U.S., Kobe, and Hobetsu, are known to have zoonotic potential, but their tick vector(s) in Japan remains to be elucidated. We conducted a field investigation at Nemuro on Hokkaido Island and at Sumoto on Awaji Island, where up to two of the three lineages occur with similar frequencies in reservoirs. By flagging vegetation at these spots and surrounding areas, 4,010 ticks, comprising six species, were collected. A nested PCR that detects the 18S rRNA gene ofBabesiaspecies revealed thatIxodes ovatusandI. persulcatusalone were positive. Lineage-specific PCR for rRNA-positive samples demonstrated thatI. ovatusandI. persulcatuscarried, respectively, the Hobetsu and U.S. parasites. No Kobe-specific DNA was detected. InfectedI. ovatusticks were found at multiple sites, including Nemuro and Sumoto, with minimum infection rates (MIR) of ∼12.3%. However, allI. persulcatusticks collected within the same regions, a total of 535, were negative for the Hobetsu lineage, indicating thatI. ovatus, but notI. persulcatus, was the vector for the lineage. At Nemuro, U.S. lineage was detected in 2 of 139 adultI. persulcatusticks (MIR, 1.4%), for the first time, while 48 ofI. ovatusticks were negative for that lineage. Laboratory experiments confirmed the transmission of Hobetsu and U.S. parasites to hamsters viaI. ovatusandI. persulcatus, respectively. Differences in vector capacity shown by MIRs at Nemuro, where the two species were equally likely to acquire either lineage of parasite, may explain the difference in distribution of Hobetsu throughout Japan and U.S. taxa in Nemuro. These findings are of importance in the assessment of the regional risk for babesiosis in humans.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF BABESIA AND ANAPLASMATACEAE BACTERIA IN SMALL MAMMALS FROM IRKUTSK AND NOVOSIBIRSK REGIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Козлова ◽  
Irina Kozlova ◽  
Лисак ◽  
Oksana Lisak ◽  
Панов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Candidatus Neoehrlichia Mikurensis ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Neoehrlichia Mikurensis

Tissue samples from 228 small mammals captured from 2013 to 2015 in four districts of Irkutsk region and in one district of Novosibirsk region were examined for the presence of Anaplasmataceae bacteria and Babesia parasites by nested PCR method with subsequent sequencing of positive samples. In Ekhirit-Bulagatskiy District of Irkutsk region, Babesia microti DNA was found in 10.9 % of small mammals, Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA – in 7.3 %, and Ehrlichia muris DNA – in 1.8 %. Infected mammals were not found in the other three examined districts of Irkutsk region. In Novosibirsk region, B. microti DNA was found in 8.9 % of small rodents, A. phagocytophilum DNA – in 8.9 % of small mammals, and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis DNA – in 8.9 % of small mammals. The identified infection agents corresponded to microorganism species and genetic variants previously found in Ixodes persulcatus ticks but not in ticks of other species.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canisstrains from naturally infected dogs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Fernandes Ferreira ◽  
Aloysio de Mello Figueiredo Cerqueira ◽  
Tatiana Xavier de Castro ◽  
Eliane de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Felipe Piedade Gonçalves Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Hybrid Strain ◽  
The Us ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hematological Manifestations ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

The aim of this study was to characterize Ehrlichia canis strains from naturally infected dogs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In addition, all the clinical and hematological findings observed in these dogs were reported. PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene was used for diagnostic purposes, and the TRP19 and TRP36 genes were sequenced to evaluate the genetic diversity. Fifteen samples were positive for E. canis. The polymerase chain reaction for the TRP19 gene resulted in 11 amplicons (11/15), which were cloned into the pGEM-T easy vector for sequencing. The complete sequence of TRP19 gene was compared to those in the GenBank, revealing high identicalness. Phylogenetic analysis on the TRP36 gene sequences demonstrated two distinct strains from two dogs, named 56C and 70C. The 56C strain was grouped with the strain Cuiaba 16, which is a hybrid strain formed by Brazilian and US genogroups; and the 70C strain was grouped with other strains of the US genogroup, thus suggesting that there are at least two genogroups of E. canis in Rio de Janeiro (US and Brazilian). Those animals, in which the 70C and 56C strains were isolated, showed distinct clinical and hematological manifestations of 1the disease. The appearance of different genotypes may express new phenotypes, thus resulting in different forms of presentation of the disease and making its diagnosis more complex.

The molecular evidence of Babesia microti infection in small mammals collected in Slovenia

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DUH ◽  
M. PETROVEC ◽  
T. TRILAR ◽  
T. AVSIC-ZUPANC
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Yellow Necked Mouse

In Europe, the zoonotic cycle of Babesia microti has not been determined so far. Recently, B. microti was detected in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Slovenia by using molecular methods. In order to investigate the mammalian hosts of B. microti in Slovenia we collected 261 small mammals representing 11 species. They were tested for the presence of babesial parasites with a PCR assay based on the nuclear small subunit rRNA gene (nss-rDNA). The bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) were infected with B. microti. The prevalence rate was 15·9% for C. glareolus and 11·8% for A. flavicollis. Nucleotide sequences of amplified portions of B. microti nss-rDNA from C. glareolus and A. flavicollis were indistinguishable from each other and identical with those previously described in I. ricinus ticks collected in Slovenia. The results of this study represent molecular evidence of B. microti in small mammals in Europe.

scholarly journals Detection and Transstadial Passage of Babesia Species and Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Ticks Collected from Avian and Mammalian Hosts in Canada

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Scott ◽  
Kerry L. Clark ◽  
Nikki M. Coble ◽  
Taylor R. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Babesia Species ◽  
House Wren ◽  
Human Babesiosis

Lyme disease and human babesiosis are the most common tick-borne zoonoses in the Temperate Zone of North America. The number of infected patients has continued to rise globally, and these zoonoses pose a major healthcare threat. This tick-host-pathogen study was conducted to test for infectious microbes associated with Lyme disease and human babesiosis in Canada. Using the flagellin (flaB) gene, three members of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) complex were detected, namely a Borrelia lanei-like spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (Bbss), and a distinct strain that may represent a separate Bbsl genospecies. This novel Bbsl strain was detected in a mouse tick, Ixodes muris, collected from a House Wren, Troglodytes aedon, in Quebec during the southward fall migration. The presence of Bbsl in bird-feeding larvae of I. muris suggests reservoir competency in three passerines (i.e., Common Yellowthroat, House Wren, Magnolia Warbler). Based on the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, three Babesia species (i.e., Babesia divergens-like, Babesia microti, Babesia odocoilei) were detected in field-collected ticks. Not only was B. odocoilei found in songbird-derived ticks, this piroplasm was apparent in adult questing blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, in southern Canada. By allowing live, engorged ticks to molt, we confirm the transstadial passage of Bbsl in I. muris and B. odocoilei in I. scapularis. Bbss and Babesia microti were detected concurrently in a groundhog tick, Ixodes cookei, in Western Ontario. In Alberta, a winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus, which was collected from a moose, Alces alces, tested positive for Bbss. Notably, a B. divergens-like piroplasm was detected in a rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, collected from an eastern cottontail in southern Manitoba; this Babesia species is a first-time discovery in Canada. This rabbit tick was also co-infected with Borrelia lanei-like spirochetes, which constitutes a first in Canada. Overall, five ticks were concurrently infected with Babesia and Bbsl pathogens and, after the molt, could potentially co-infect humans. Notably, we provide the first authentic report of I. scapularis ticks co-infected with Bbsl and B. odocoilei in Canada. The full extent of infectious microorganisms transmitted to humans by ticks is not fully elucidated, and clinicians need to be aware of the complexity of these tick-transmitted enzootic agents on human health. Diagnosis and treatment must be administered by those with accredited medical training in tick-borne zoonosis.

scholarly journals Analyses of separate and concatenated cox1 and 18S rRNA gene sequences indicate that the bat piroplasm Babesia vesperuginis is phylogenetically close to Cytauxzoon felis and the ‘prototheilerid’ Babesia conradae

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Hornok ◽  
Alexandra Corduneanu ◽  
Jenő Kontschán ◽  
Katinka Bekő ◽  
Krisztina Szőke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Cytauxzoon Felis ◽  
Phylogenetic Status

Babesia vesperuginis is the only piroplasm known to infect bats. Unlike most members of the genus Babesia, it is probably transmitted by a soft tick species (i.e. Argas vespertilionis). Recently, two studies have been conducted to clarify the phylogenetic status of this species, and both agreed on placing it into a basal position among Babesia sensu stricto (s.s.). However, several important groups of piroplasms were not included in the already reported phylogenetic trees of B. vesperuginis isolates. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to amplify an approx. 950-bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of B. vesperuginis from A. vespertilionis specimens, and to compare its sequences with those from other piroplasmid groups in a broader phylogenetic context. Sequence comparisons focusing on either 18S rRNA or cox1 genes, as well as phylogenetic analyses involving separate and concatenated 18S rRNA and cox1 sequences indicate that B. vesperuginis is more closely related to the phylogenetic group of Theileriidae than to Babesia s.s. In particular, B. vesperuginis clustered closest to Cytauxzoon felis and the ‘prototheilerid’ B. conradae. The results of this study highlight that B. vesperuginis is a unique and taxonomically important species, which should be included in future studies aimed at resolving the comprehensive phylogeny of Piroplasmida.

scholarly journals RECENT STUDIES OF TICK-BORNE INFECTIONS IN MONGOLIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-154
Author(s):  
D. Anu ◽  
H. Sung-Hee ◽  
L. Sang-Eun ◽  
L. Won-Ja ◽  
D. Abmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
Glta Gene

We have aimed to detect both Rickettsiae species and Babesia microti in adult ticks of Dermacentor nutalli in Tuv province; and  looked for only Rickettsiae species in Ixodes persulcatus in Selenge  province. Using the PCR and DNA sequencing techniques, we  amplified and sequenced the 16S rRNA, gltA, rOmpA genes of  Rickettsia and 18S rRNA gene of B. microti and Rickettsia species  were identified. Infection rate for Rickettsiae spp. was 82.7 %  (115/139 samples) by 16S rRNA sequencing results and among  them the highest prevalence rate was that for R. raoultii strain –  71.4 % (80/111 samples) by gltA gene sequencing and 100 %  (81/81 samples) by rOmpA gene sequencing. Canditatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae strain was detected in 27.9 % (31/11  samples) by gltA gene sequencing. Infection rate for Rickettsiae spp. in D. nutalli ticks was 84.3 % (81/96 samples) and R. raoultii  strain comprised 96.2–98.7 % among them. Adult ticks of I.  persulcatus were infected with Rickettsiae spp. with 78 % and 93.75  % of them were R. raoultii strain. Seventeen out of 97 ticks (17.5  %) were found to be infected with B. microti. Nucleotide DNA  sequencing of partial 18S rRNA and gltA genes supported the PCR  results. We have identified that the same species of ticks commonly  distributed in Mongolia have been infected with R. sibirica, R. raoultii  and B. microti. It might be the strength of our study as B.  microti have not been detected in D. nuttalli ticks yet. We are  considering to detect the tick-borne infections in humans.

scholarly journals Presence of Babesia odocoilei and Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto in a Tick and Dual Parasitism of Amblyomma inornatum and Ixodes scapularis on a Bird in Canada

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Scott ◽  
Kerry Clark ◽  
Lance Durden
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Migratory Songbirds ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Stricto

Wild birds transport ticks into Canada that harbor a diversity of zoonotic pathogens. However, medical practitioners often question how these zoonotic pathogens are present in their locality. In this study, we provide the first report of an Amblyomma inornatum tick cofeeding with a blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, which parasitized a Veery, Catharus fuscescens—a neotropical songbird. Using the flagellin (flaB) gene of the Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and the 18S rRNA gene of the Babesia piroplasm, a malaria-like microorganism, we detected Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Babesia odocoilei, respectively, in an I. scapularis nymph. After the molt, these ticks can bite humans. Furthermore, this is the first documentation of B. odocoilei in a tick parasitizing a bird. Our findings substantiate the fact that migratory songbirds transport neotropical ticks long distances, and import them into Canada during northward spring migration. Health care practitioners need to be aware that migratory songbirds transport pathogen-laden ticks into Canada annually, and pose an unforeseen health risk to Canadians.

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