scholarly journals The impact of transposable element activity on therapeutically relevant human stem cells

Mobile DNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald G. Schumann ◽  
Nina V. Fuchs ◽  
Pablo Tristán-Ramos ◽  
Attila Sebe ◽  
Zoltán Ivics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Element Activity ◽  
The Impact

Concise Review; Effects of Antibiotics and Antimycotics on the Biological Properties of Human Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
The Impact

Abstract:: Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the remarkable potential to self-renew and develop into various cell lineages. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or multipotent stem cells that are present in various organs can self-renew and differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages. Both human PSCs and MSCs hold great promise in cell-based therapies, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. Human stem cells must be cultured under the optimal conditions to use them in transplantology. Therefore, researchers must ensure the sterility of human stem cell lines. Bacterial contamination is a common problem in laboratories and major precautions are required to detect the types of microorganisms, eliminate, and prevent contamination in cell cultures. Stem cell culture media usually contains antibiotics and antimycotics such as penicillin-streptomycin (pen-strep), gentamicin, and amphotericin B (AmB) to avoid bacterial, fungal, and yeast contaminants. Numerous publications recognized the serious effect of antibiotics and antimycotics on in vitro properties of human stem cells, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and genetic instability. This review study aimed to understand the impact of routinely used antibiotics and antimycotics such as pen-strep, gentamicin, and AmB on viability, proliferation, and functional properties (differentiation and pluripotency) of human PSCs and MSCs.

scholarly journals Adenoviral Vectors Meet Gene Editing: A Rising Partnership for the Genomic Engineering of Human Stem Cells and Their Progeny

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Tasca ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Manuel A.F.V. Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Adenoviral Vector ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Adenoviral Vectors ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Technologies ◽  
The Impact

Gene editing permits changing specific DNA sequences within the vast genomes of human cells. Stem cells are particularly attractive targets for gene editing interventions as their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities consent studying cellular differentiation processes, screening small-molecule drugs, modeling human disorders, and testing regenerative medicines. To integrate gene editing and stem cell technologies, there is a critical need for achieving efficient delivery of the necessary molecular tools in the form of programmable DNA-targeting enzymes and/or exogenous nucleic acid templates. Moreover, the impact that the delivery agents themselves have on the performance and precision of gene editing procedures is yet another critical parameter to consider. Viral vectors consisting of recombinant replication-defective viruses are under intense investigation for bringing about efficient gene-editing tool delivery and precise gene-editing in human cells. In this review, we focus on the growing role that adenoviral vectors are playing in the targeted genetic manipulation of human stem cells, progenitor cells, and their differentiated progenies in the context of in vitro and ex vivo protocols. As preamble, we provide an overview on the main gene editing principles and adenoviral vector platforms and end by discussing the possibilities ahead resulting from leveraging adenoviral vector, gene editing, and stem cell technologies.

scholarly journals Modulation of Hematopoietic Lineage Specification Impacts TREM2 Expression in Microglia-Like Cells Derived From Human Stem Cells

ASN NEURO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 175909141771661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Amos ◽  
Susan Fung ◽  
Amanda Case ◽  
Jerusalem Kifelew ◽  
Leah Osnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Hematopoietic Lineage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Definitive Hematopoiesis

Microglia are the primary innate immune cell type in the brain, and their dysfunction has been linked to a variety of central nervous system disorders. Human microglia are extraordinarily difficult to obtain for experimental investigation, limiting our ability to study the impact of human genetic variants on microglia functions. Previous studies have reported that microglia-like cells can be derived from human monocytes or pluripotent stem cells. Here, we describe a reproducible relatively simple method for generating microglia-like cells by first deriving embryoid body mesoderm followed by exposure to microglia relevant cytokines. Our approach is based on recent studies demonstrating that microglia originate from primitive yolk sac mesoderm distinct from peripheral macrophages that arise during definitive hematopoiesis. We hypothesized that functional microglia could be derived from human stem cells by employing BMP-4 mesodermal specification followed by exposure to microglia-relevant cytokines, M-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-34, and TGF-β. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we observed cells with microglia morphology expressing a repertoire of markers associated with microglia: Iba1, CX3CR1, CD11b, TREM2, HexB, and P2RY12. These microglia-like cells maintain myeloid functional phenotypes including Aβ peptide phagocytosis and induction of pro-inflammatory gene expression in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Addition of small molecules BIO and SB431542, previously demonstrated to drive definitive hematopoiesis, resulted in decreased surface expression of TREM2. Together, these data suggest that mesodermal lineage specification followed by cytokine exposure produces microglia-like cells in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells and that this phenotype can be modulated by factors influencing hematopoietic lineage in vitro.

Testing Human Stem Cells in Primates

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (16) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
GUY McKHANN
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Human Stem Cells

Human stem cells transplantation to the subretinal space of the retina in the experiment

2020 ◽  
pp. 259-260
Author(s):  
A.A. Mikaelyan ◽  
◽  
N.L. Sheremet ◽  
A.Y. Andreev ◽  
A.A. Plyukhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Subretinal Space ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cells Transplantation

Quantitative Evaluation of Chromosomal Rearrangements in Primary Gene-Edited Human Stem Cells by Preclinical CAST-Seq

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giandomenico Turchiano ◽  
Geoffroy Andrieux ◽  
Georges Blattner ◽  
Valentina Pennucci ◽  
Julia Klermund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Primary Gene

Uncovering the Diversification of Tissue Engineering on the Emergent Areas of Stem Cells, Nanotechnology and Biomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil K. Dubey ◽  
Amit Alexander ◽  
Munnangi Sivaram ◽  
Mukta Agrawal ◽  
Gautam Singhvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Treat All ◽  
The Impact

Damaged or disabled tissue is life-threatening due to the lack of proper treatment. Many conventional transplantation methods like autograft, iso-graft and allograft are in existence for ages, but they are not sufficient to treat all types of tissue or organ damages. Stem cells, with their unique capabilities like self-renewal and differentiate into various cell types, can be a potential strategy for tissue regeneration. However, the challenges like reproducibility, uncontrolled propagation and differentiation, isolation of specific kinds of cell and tumorigenic nature made these stem cells away from clinical application. Today, various types of stem cells like embryonic, fetal or gestational tissue, mesenchymal and induced-pluripotent stem cells are under investigation for their clinical application. Tissue engineering helps in configuring the stem cells to develop into a desired viable tissue, to use them clinically as a substitute for the conventional method. The use of stem cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) is being studied to replace the stem cells, which decreases the immunological complications associated with the direct administration of stem cells. Tissue engineering also investigates various biomaterials to use clinically, either to replace the bones or as a scaffold to support the growth of stemcells/ tissue. Depending upon the need, there are various biomaterials like bio-ceramics, natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers to support replacement or regeneration of tissue. Like the other fields of science, tissue engineering is also incorporating the nanotechnology to develop nano-scaffolds to provide and support the growth of stem cells with an environment mimicking the Extracellular matrix (ECM) of the desired tissue. Tissue engineering is also used in the modulation of the immune system by using patient-specific Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and by modifying the physical features of scaffolds that may provoke the immune system. This review describes the use of various stem cells, biomaterials and the impact of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine.

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