Disability-adjusted life years and mortality rate attributed to unsafe sex and drug use for AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa countries

Abstract Background The Middle East and North Africa, is one of few regions where the number of new human immunodeficiency virus infections is increasing. The present study aimed to estimate the attributable burden of unsafe sex and drug use in Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the Middle East and North Africa countries. Methods We used the Global Burden of Disease data 2017 to estimate the attributable mortality and disability-adjusted life-years to unsafe sex and drug use in Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the Middle East and North Africa countries (21 countries) from 1990 to 2017 by region, sex and age. The percent change was calculated at three time points by country and sex. Results The rate of Disability-adjusted life years/100,000 attributed to drug use for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome increased 1.10 (95% CI: 0.75–1.71) to 13.39 (95% CI: 9.98–18.17) in women of Middle East and North Africa countries from 1990 to 2017, and there is an increasing trend in Disability-adjusted life years attributable to drug use for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in men. The rate of Disability-adjusted life years/100,000 attributed to unsafe sex for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome increased in women of Middle East and North Africa countries, 5.15 (95% CI: 3.34–8.07) to 53.44 (95% CI: 38.79–75.89); and 10.06 (95% CI: 6.61–16.18) to 46.16 (95% CI: 31.30–72.66) in men. Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to drug use and unsafe sex for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome increased from 1990 to 2017 in both sex in Middle East and North Africa countries. Conclusion The rate of Disability-adjusted life years /100,000 and age-standardized mortality rate attributed to unsafe sex and drug use increased in Middle East and North Africa from 1990 to 2017. While most of such countries have traditional cultures with religious believes, such increase need to be addressed in more depth by all policy makers.

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Disability-adjusted life years and mortality rate attributed to unsafe sex and drug use for AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa countries

10.21203/rs.3.rs-60426/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Farid Najafi ◽

Fatemeh Khosravi ◽

Mojtaba Ghalandari ◽

Mitra Darbandi

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Drug Use ◽

North Africa ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Unsafe Sex ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Background: The Middle East and North Africa, is one of few regions where the number of new human immunodeficiency virus infections is increasing. The present study aimed to estimate the attributable burden of unsafe sex and drug use in Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the Middle East and North Africa countries. Methods: We used the Global Burden of Disease data 2017 to estimate the attributable mortality and disability-adjusted life-years to unsafe sex and drug use in Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the Middle East and North Africa countries (21 countries) from 1990 to 2017 by region, sex and age. The percent change was calculated at three time points by country and sex.Results: The rate of Disability-adjusted life years/100,000 attributed to drug use for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome increased 1.10 (95% CI: 0.75-1.71) to 13.39 (95% CI: 9.98- 18.17) in women of Middle East and North Africa countries from 1990 to 2017, and there is an increasing trend in Disability-adjusted life years attributable to drug use for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in men. The rate of Disability-adjusted life years/100,000 attributed to unsafe sex for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome increased in women of Middle East and North Africa countries, 5.15 (95% CI: 3.34-8.07) to 53.44 (95% CI: 38.79-75.89); and 10.06 (95% CI: 6.61-16.18) to 46.16 (95% CI: 31.30-72.66) in men. Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to drug use and unsafe sex for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome increased from 1990 to 2017 in both sex in Middle East and North Africa countries.Conclusion: The rate of Disability-adjusted life years /100,000 and age-standardized mortality rate attributed to unsafe sex and drug use increased in Middle East and North Africa from 1990 to 2017. While most of such countries have traditional cultures with religious believes, such increase need to be addressed in more depth by all policy makers.

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Correction to: Disability-adjusted life years and mortality rate attributed to unsafe sex and drug use for AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa countries

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00527-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farid Najafi ◽

Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani ◽

Mojtaba Ghalandari ◽

Mitra Darbandi

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Drug Use ◽

North Africa ◽

Unsafe Sex ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

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Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Mortality Rate Attributed to Unsafe Sex and Drug Use for AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa Countries

10.21203/rs.3.rs-60426/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Farid Najafi ◽

Fatemeh Khosravi ◽

Mojtaba Ghalandari ◽

Mitra Darbandi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Drug Use ◽

North Africa ◽

Unsafe Sex ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Mena Countries ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years ◽

Standardized Mortality Rate

Abstract Background: To reduce the burden of HIV/AIDS, it is important to identify and estimate the attributable burden of risk factors associated with HIV/AIDS. The present study aimed to estimate the attributable burden of unsafe sex and drug use in AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. Methods: We used the data in Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 to estimate the attributable burden of unsafe sex and drug use in AIDS in the MENA (22 countries) from 1990 to 2017 by sex and age. We estimated the attributable mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for the mentioned risk factors.Results: The rate of DALYs/100,000 attributed to drug use for AIDS increased 1.10 (95% CI: 0.75-1.71) to 13.39 (95% CI: 9.98- 18.17) in women of MENA countries from 1990 to 2017, and there is an increasing trend in DALY attributable to drug use for AIDS in men. The rate of DALYs/100,000 attributed to unsafe sex for AIDS increased in women of MENA countries, 5.15 (95% CI: 3.34-8.07) to 53.44 (95% CI: 38.79-75.89); and 10.06 (95% CI: 6.61-16.18) to 46.16 (95% CI: 31.30-72.66) in men. Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to drug use and unsafe sex for AIDS increased from 1990 to 2017 in both sex in MENA.Conclusion: The rate of DALYs/100,000 and age-standardized mortality rate attributed to unsafe sex and drug use increased in MENA from 1990 to 2017. While most of such countries have traditional cultures with religious believes, such increase need to be addressed in more depth by all policy makers.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Associated With Intravenous-Drug Use — United States, 1988

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.1989.03420160030008 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 261 (16) ◽

pp. 2314 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Drug Use ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Intravenous Drug ◽

Intravenous Drug Use ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Disability-Adjusted Life Years and Mortality Rate Attributed to Brain and Central Nervous System Cancer in the Middle East and North Africa Countries

Neuroepidemiology ◽

10.1159/000519281 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Hamid Reza Saeidi Borojeni ◽

Farid Najafi ◽

Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani ◽

Zahra Darabi ◽

Mitra Darbandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

North Africa ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Mena Region ◽

Central Nervous System Cancer ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years ◽

Nervous System Cancer

Background: Primary brain tumors are among the main causes of death. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological features of the brain and central nervous system cancer in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Methods: In this study, data of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study were used to estimate the incidence, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality in 21 countries in the MENA region from 1990 to 2019 based on age and sex. The percentage of the changes of epidemiologic indicators was calculated between 1990 and 2019. Results: Palestine and Turkey had the highest rate of brain and central nervous system cancer in 2019. Saudi Arabia, Oman, Iraq, and Lebanon had the highest percentage of incidence rate changes from 1990 to 2019. The prevalence of brain and central nervous system cancer in the MENA region was increased from 7.51 (95% CI: 4.95–11.01) in 1990 to 16.45 (95% CI: 10.83–19.54) in 2019 (percentage of changes = 54.35%). The standardized age mortality rate in the MENA region was increased by 2.7% in 2019 compared to that in 1990. The rate of standardized age of DALY per 100,000 individuals in the MENA region decreased from 135.09 (95% CI: 92.57–199.92) in 1990 to 128.34 (95% CI: 87.81–151.3) in 2019. Conclusion: The incidence rate, prevalence, and standardized age mortality (per 100,000) had increased significantly in the MENA region in 2019 compared to those in 1990. Focusing on the diversity of the estimates of such indices in different countries of MENA can lead to the identification of important risk factors for brain cancer in future studies.

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Leads from the MMWR. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with intravenous-drug use--United States, 1988

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.261.16.2314 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 261 (16) ◽

pp. 2314-2316

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Drug Use ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Intravenous Drug ◽

Intravenous Drug Use ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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Redefining Motherhood: Adaptation to Role Change for Women with AIDS

Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services ◽

10.1606/1044-3894.1009 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 152-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ruth Anne Van Loon

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Drug Use ◽

Social Workers ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Well Being ◽

Parenting Skills ◽

Role Change ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Meaningful Connections

To maintain their identity as mothers, a central life role, women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) redefine motherhood in two ways: (1) when their health status changes, they emphasize tasks they are still able to perform; and (2) when their children are in the custody of others, they reframe motherhood as oversight of their children's well-being. Two issues trouble mothers with AIDS, especially those with drug-use histories: reunion with children previously placed outside the home or removed and conflictive relationships with adult children. Attempts to rectify these relationships are often unsuccessful. Social workers can assist mothers with AIDS retain this role by helping them acquire new parenting skills and develop mechanisms for maintaining meaningful connections with children who have been placed out of the home or adopted. They can also work with mothers considering reunions to anticipate the scope and meaning of new or changed relationships with children.

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Epidemiological features of HIV/AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa from 1990 to 2017

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462420960632 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 257-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ebrahim Shakiba ◽

Uosef Ramazani ◽

Ehsan Mardani ◽

Zohre Rahimi ◽

Zeinab Moradi Nazar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

North Africa ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Unsafe Sex ◽

Quality Of Data ◽

Mena Region ◽

Life Years ◽

Hiv Aids

The growing trend of HIV/AIDS is a major concern in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions, as its incidence in the region has increased by 31% in the last decade. The study population in the countries of the MENA region included 21 countries with a population of approximately 400 million. The Global Burden of Disease database was used to calculate the number of HIV/AIDS cases. Modeling for each country is based on the availability and quality of data. The highest incidence rates of HIV/AIDS were in Sudan, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Tunisia, and Iran, respectively, and the highest mortality rates were in Sudan, UAE, Oman, and Morocco, respectively. The incidence, prevalence and mortality rates, as well as the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rate declined in 2017 compared to 1990. The highest percentage of changes in DALY rates was reported for Turkey, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Sudan, respectively, and the lowest for Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain. In general, unsafe sex had the highest impact on the DALY index in all countries in the region except Iran and Bahrain. Policymakers should therefore be encouraged to develop harm reduction programs for people living with HIV, and invest globally in reducing HIV prevalence rates in commercial sex workers, people who inject drugs, and men who have sex with men in the region, as well as eliminating mother-to-child HIV transmission.

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