Disability-Adjusted Life Years and Mortality Rate Attributed to Brain and Central Nervous System Cancer in the Middle East and North Africa Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Saeidi Borojeni ◽  
Farid Najafi ◽  
Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani ◽  
Zahra Darabi ◽  
Mitra Darbandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Central Nervous System Cancer ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Nervous System Cancer

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Primary brain tumors are among the main causes of death. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological features of the brain and central nervous system cancer in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this study, data of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study were used to estimate the incidence, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality in 21 countries in the MENA region from 1990 to 2019 based on age and sex. The percentage of the changes of epidemiologic indicators was calculated between 1990 and 2019. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Palestine and Turkey had the highest rate of brain and central nervous system cancer in 2019. Saudi Arabia, Oman, Iraq, and Lebanon had the highest percentage of incidence rate changes from 1990 to 2019. The prevalence of brain and central nervous system cancer in the MENA region was increased from 7.51 (95% CI: 4.95–11.01) in 1990 to 16.45 (95% CI: 10.83–19.54) in 2019 (percentage of changes = 54.35%). The standardized age mortality rate in the MENA region was increased by 2.7% in 2019 compared to that in 1990. The rate of standardized age of DALY per 100,000 individuals in the MENA region decreased from 135.09 (95% CI: 92.57–199.92) in 1990 to 128.34 (95% CI: 87.81–151.3) in 2019. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The incidence rate, prevalence, and standardized age mortality (per 100,000) had increased significantly in the MENA region in 2019 compared to those in 1990. Focusing on the diversity of the estimates of such indices in different countries of MENA can lead to the identification of important risk factors for brain cancer in future studies.

scholarly journals Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Mortality Rate Attributed to Unsafe Sex and Drug Use for AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Najafi ◽  
Fatemeh Khosravi ◽  
Mojtaba Ghalandari ◽  
Mitra Darbandi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate

Abstract Background: To reduce the burden of HIV/AIDS, it is important to identify and estimate the attributable burden of risk factors associated with HIV/AIDS. The present study aimed to estimate the attributable burden of unsafe sex and drug use in AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. Methods: We used the data in Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 to estimate the attributable burden of unsafe sex and drug use in AIDS in the MENA (22 countries) from 1990 to 2017 by sex and age. We estimated the attributable mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for the mentioned risk factors.Results: The rate of DALYs/100,000 attributed to drug use for AIDS increased 1.10 (95% CI: 0.75-1.71) to 13.39 (95% CI: 9.98- 18.17) in women of MENA countries from 1990 to 2017, and there is an increasing trend in DALY attributable to drug use for AIDS in men. The rate of DALYs/100,000 attributed to unsafe sex for AIDS increased in women of MENA countries, 5.15 (95% CI: 3.34-8.07) to 53.44 (95% CI: 38.79-75.89); and 10.06 (95% CI: 6.61-16.18) to 46.16 (95% CI: 31.30-72.66) in men. Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to drug use and unsafe sex for AIDS increased from 1990 to 2017 in both sex in MENA.Conclusion: The rate of DALYs/100,000 and age-standardized mortality rate attributed to unsafe sex and drug use increased in MENA from 1990 to 2017. While most of such countries have traditional cultures with religious believes, such increase need to be addressed in more depth by all policy makers.

scholarly journals Correction to: Disability-adjusted life years and mortality rate attributed to unsafe sex and drug use for AIDS in the Middle East and North Africa countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Najafi ◽  
Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani ◽  
Mojtaba Ghalandari ◽  
Mitra Darbandi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Examination of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years and risk factors of breast cancer in 49 Asian countries, 1990–2019: estimates from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate

Abstract Background This study presents an up-to-date, comprehensive and comparative examination of breast cancer’s temporal patterns in females in Asia in last three decades. Methods The estimates of incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted-life-years and risk factors of breast cancer in females in 49 Asian countries were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Results In Asia, female breast cancer incidence grew from 245 045[226 259–265 260] in 1990 to 914 878[815 789–1025 502] in 2019 with age-standardized incidence rate rising from 21.2/100 000[19.6–22.9] to 35.9/100 000[32.0–40.2] between 1990 and 2019. The death counts more than doubled from 136 665[126 094–148 380] to 337 822[301 454–375 251]. The age-standardized mortality rate rose marginally between 1990 and 2019 (1990: 12.1[11.0–13.1]; 2019: 13.4[12.0–14.9]). In 2019, age-standardized incidence rate varied from 17.2/100 000[13.95–21.4] in Mongolia to 122.5[92.1–160.7] in Lebanon and the age-standardized mortality rate varied 4-fold from 8.0/100 000 [7.2–8.8] in South Korea to 51.9[39.0–69.8] in Pakistan. High body mass index (5.6%), high fasting plasma glucose (5.6%) and secondhand smoke (3.5%) were the main contributory risk factors to all-age disability-adjusted-life-years due to breast cancer in Asia. Conclusion With growing incidence, escalating dietary and behavioural risk factors and lower survival rates due to late-disease presentation in low- and medium-income countries of Asia, breast cancer has become a significant public health threat. Its rising burden calls for increasing breast cancer awareness, preventive measures, early-stage detection and cost-effective therapeutics in Asia.

Case–control study of brain and other central nervous system cancer among workers at semiconductor and storage device manufacturing facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema G Rodrigues ◽  
Robert F Herrick ◽  
James Stewart ◽  
Helena Palacios ◽  
Francine Laden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Central Nervous System Cancer ◽  
Cns Cancer ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Nervous System Cancer

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the relationship between brain and other central nervous system cancer (‘CNS cancer’) and exposures at two semiconductor and electronic module manufacturing facilities and at a storage device manufacturing facility.MethodsThe case–control study, nested in a cohort of 126 836 employees, compared 120 CNS cancer cases and 1028 matched controls with respect to employment in 10 process groups and estimated cumulative exposure to 31 known or possible carcinogens.ResultsCNS cancer was associated with module manufacturing operations at two facilities. Module manufacturing is a process that begins with production of ceramic substrates followed by attachment of completed semiconductor chips and metal-containing circuitry resulting in a high performing electronic device. Positive associations with the highest tertile of estimated cumulative exposure were found for several chemicals, including 2-butoxyethanol, cyclohexanone, ortho-dichlorobenzene, cadmium, molybdenum, trichloroethylene and vinyl chloride.ConclusionsResults suggested positive associations between CNS cancer and specific operations and chemicals experienced in the semiconductor and electronic module manufacturing industry. However, lack of external support for these findings precludes a causal interpretation, and the observed associations may have been due to chance.

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