A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate, Yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of seropositive pregnant women, i.e. of pregnant women infected with Toxoplasma gondii in order to provide an insight into the risk of developing congenital toxoplasmosis in our community. Material and Methods. In the period of two years, 662 pregnant women from Vojvodina were examined serologically. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests were performed to determine IgM and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and the complement fixation test was done to detect total antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. Results and Discussion. Seropositivity was determined in 180 pregnant women (27.19%). Of 135 pregnant women examined in the routine control in pregnancy, 16.30% were seropositive and out of five proven, completely new Toxoplasma gondii infections, three were detected in pregnant women who had undergone the routine check-up for no specific symptoms. A detailed analysis of the frequency of seropositive findings in relation to clinical diagnoses and the place of residence of pregnant women (urban and rural areas) was performed. At the same time, the results from the serological reactions were presented, commented and interpreted, and recommendations were given for the implementation of additional examinations (eg, IgG antibody avidity test) in order to make the accurate diagnosis. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the occurrence of congenital toxoplasmosis is still a problem in our community and that the best prevention is the prompt and adequate examination of pregnant women for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii infection.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-017-2583-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sanata Bamba ◽

Mamoudou Cissé ◽

Ibrahim Sangaré ◽

Adama Zida ◽

Souleymane Ouattara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Bobo Dioulasso ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

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Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women attending Omdurman friendship hospital, Omdurman

Mental Health and Addiction Research ◽

10.15761/mhar.1000153 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wahaj M. Mohammed ◽

Abdalla HS ◽

Satti AB ◽

Tagwa B Mustafa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Friendship Hospital ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Increase in Percentage of Seronegative Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus in Pregnant Women: An Improvement in Hygienic Conditions in Certain Areas?

Timisoara Medical Journal ◽

10.35995/tmj20200109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dan-Bogdan Navolan ◽

Florin Gorun ◽

Cristian Oancea ◽

Ioana-Mihaela Ciohat ◽

Daniel Malița ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Primary Infection ◽

Food Quality Control ◽

Fetal Infection ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Pathogenic Agents

(1) Background: Toxoplasma gondii and cytomegalovirus belong to a group of pathogens entities called TORCH agents. TORCH represents an acronym which derives from the name of a series of certain pathogenic agents (Toxoplasma gondii, Other agents, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes virus). They could cross the placenta barrier and cause serious damage to the fetus if a primary infection occurs in a pregnant woman. Immunized women are relatively protected against a reinfection and the risk of a materno-fetal infection in these categories of pregnant women is considered low. (2) Aim of the study: To analyze changes in the percentage of pregnant women seronegative to Toxoplasma gondii and cytomegalovirus along a period of ten years, from 2008 to 2018. (3) Material and Methods: We studied the changes in percentage of seronegative Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus pregnant women along two periods: 2008–2010 and 2015–2018. Only pregnant women with declared medium of provenience and unequivocal results were enrolled in the study. (4) Results: In urban areas, we found an increase in the percentage of pregnant women seronegative to Toxoplasma gondii (RR = 1.488, p < 0.0001), respectively to cytomegalovirus (RR = 1.985, p < 0.0001), from 2008–2010 to 2015–2018. A similar increasing trend was found also in rural areas: Toxoplasma gondii (RR = 1.136, p < 0.0322), respectively cytomegalovirus (RR = 1.088, p < 0.8265) but it did not reach a significant threshold for cytomegalovirus. (5) Conclusion: Our study showed that the percentage of women seronegative to Toxoplasma gondii and cytomegalovirus antibodies increases along a period of ten years, from 2008–2010 to 2015–2018, in both urban and rural areas. Probably, the main cause of this trend is represented by the improvement in hygienic condition and food quality control. These results present an argument for continuing the TORCH screening of pregnant women.

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