scholarly journals Crowdsourcing to identify social innovation initiatives in health in low- and middle-income countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindi van Niekerk ◽  
Arturo Ongkeko ◽  
Rachel Alice Hounsell ◽  
Barwani Khaura Msiska ◽  
Don Pascal Mathanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Distributed Problem Solving ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Crowdsourcing Contest ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Crowdsourcing is a distributed problem-solving and production mechanism that leverages the collective intelligence of non-expert individuals and networked communities for specific goals. Social innovation (SI) initiatives aim to address health challenges in a sustainable manner, with a potential to strengthen health systems. They are developed by actors from different backgrounds and disciplines. This paper describes the application of crowdsourcing as a research method to explore SI initiatives in health. Methods The study explored crowdsourcing as a method to identify SI initiatives implemented in Africa, Asia and Latin America. While crowdsourcing has been used in high-income country settings, there is limited knowledge on its use, benefits and challenges in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. From 2014 to 2018, six crowdsourcing contests were conducted at global, regional and national levels. Results A total of 305 eligible projects were identified; of these 38 SI initiatives in health were identified. We describe the process used to perform a crowdsourcing contest for SI, the outcome of the contests, and the challenges and opportunities when using this mechanism in LMICs. Conclusions We demonstrate that crowdsourcing is a participatory method, that is able to identify bottom-up or grassroots SI initiatives developed by non-traditional actors.

Abstract P271: Sedentary Behavior and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a Middle-income Country: The Grenada Heart Project

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaani Garg ◽  
Rajesh Vedanthan ◽  
Samantha Sartori ◽  
Mark Woodward ◽  
Sameer Bansilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Introduction: Sedentary behavior (SB) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in high-income countries. However, the burden and impact of SB in low- and middle-income countries is not well known. This study examined self-reported sedentary behavior and the association with CVD risk in Grenada, a middle-income country. Methods: A modified WHO STEPS survey was administered to a random sample of the Grenadian adult population, and sedentary behavior was assessed. Participants were asked to quantify the amount of time per day spent sitting (at home or work), reclining (excluding during sleep), or traveling in a vehicle. SB was assessed in hourly intervals and also grouped into two categories: 3 hours or less (approximately two thirds of the sample) and greater than 3 hours (approximately one third). Frequency of SB was compared across gender (age-standardized), age, and education groups. The relationship between SB and log-transformed 10-year CVD risk (Framingham) was evaluated using multivariable linear regression. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA v. 10. Results: Of 2622 participants, 32.4% reported greater than 3 hours per day of SB. SB was more common among men, among the youngest (age 18-29) and oldest (age 70+) individuals, and among those with higher education ( Table ). In univariate analysis, SB was adversely associated with 10-year CVD risk (p<0.05). However, after controlling for gender, age and education, SB was not significantly associated with 10-year CVD risk. Conclusions: Sedentary behavior in Grenada is more common among men, extremes of age, and higher education levels. Increased SB is not independently associated with 10-year CVD risk when controlling for gender, age and education. This is in contrast to findings in high-income countries. These results call for further exploration of the patterns of sedentary behavior, an emerging health issue in low- and middle-income countries, and its effect on CVD risk. Table Frequency of reported sedentary behavior (figures are %; all p-values within groups<0.05) N Greater than 3 hours per day Gender Men 1129 35.2 * Women 1493 30.3 * Age (years ) ≤18-29 634 39.1 30-39 428 30.6 40-49 580 23.6 50-59 448 28.1 60-69 249 28.1 ≥70 283 48.4 Education No schooling to Primary 1532 29.0 Secondary School 639 34.7 Post Graduate 419 39.9 * Age-standardized rates

Women break down the barriers to the Vietnamese social sciences and humanities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-Hoang Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Income Country ◽  
The West ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Valian rightly made a case for better recognition of women in science during the Nobel week in October 2018 (Valian, 2018). However, it seems most published views about gender inequality in Nature focused on the West. This correspondence shifts the focus to women in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC).

International Health Research Ethics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Health Research ◽  
International Research ◽  
International Health ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Health research funded by organizations from HICs and conducted in low- and middle-income countries has grown significantly since 1990. Power imbalances and inequities frequently (but not always) exist at each stage of the international research process. Unsurprisingly then, a variety of ethical concerns commonly arise in the context of international health research, such as inequities in funding, the semi-colonial nature of international research models, the brain drain of low- and middle-income country researchers, and inequities in partnerships between HIC and low- and middle-income country researchers. In this chapter, these (and other) ethical concerns are introduced and the following ethical concepts to address the concerns are then discussed: responsiveness, standard of care, benefit sharing, community engagement, and social value. Existing guidance and remaining debates about how to specify each of the concepts are summarized. The chapter concludes by highlighting the existence of epistemic injustices within the field of international research ethics.

scholarly journals Education, Work, and Motherhood in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Review of Equality Challenges and Opportunities for Women with Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belaynesh Tefera ◽  
Marloes L. Van Engen ◽  
Alice Schippers ◽  
Arne H. Eide ◽  
Amber Kersten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Low And Middle Income

This study looks at the equality challenges and opportunities for women with disabilities in low and middle income countries (LMICs) to participate and succeed in education, employment and motherhood. It is based on a systematic review of the literature from academic and non-governmental organization databases. The search of these databases yielded 24 articles, which were subsequently passed through open, axial, and selective coding. The resulting review found that women with disabilities in LMICs have severe difficulty participating and succeeding in education, employment and motherhood due to a number of interrelated factors: (i) hampered access to education, employment, intimacy and marriage, (ii) stigma and cultural practices resulting in discrimination and prejudice, and (iii) lack of support from family, teachers and institutions—all of which are exacerbated by poverty. Support from families, communities, the government, and non-governmental organizations improves women’s ability to fulfil their social roles (as students, employees and mothers), resulting in a better quality of life. Strategies that create awareness, minimize poverty and facilitate justice may improve the opportunities for women with disabilities in LMICs to participate in education, employment and motherhood, as well as their ability to succeed in these domains.

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