scholarly journals Characterization of affective lability across subgroups of psychosis spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margrethe Collier Høegh ◽  
Ingrid Melle ◽  
Sofie R. Aminoff ◽  
Beathe Haatveit ◽  
Stine Holmstul Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Current Symptom ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Affective Lability

Abstract Background Affective lability is elevated and associated with increased clinical burden in psychosis spectrum disorders. The extent to which the level, structure and dispersion of affective lability varies between the specific disorders included in the psychosis spectrum is however unclear. To have potential value as a treatment target, further characterization of affective lability in these populations is necessary. The main aim of our study was to investigate differences in the architecture of affective lability in different psychosis spectrum disorders, and if putative differences remained when we controlled for current symptom status. Methods Affective lability was measured with The Affective Lability Scale Short Form (ALS-SF) in participants with schizophrenia (SZ, n = 76), bipolar I disorder (BD-I, n = 105), bipolar II disorder (BD-II, n = 68) and a mixed psychosis-affective group (MP, n = 48). Multiple analyses of covariance were conducted to compare the ALS-SF total and subdimension scores of the diagnostic groups, correcting for current psychotic, affective and anxiety symptoms, substance use and sex. Double generalized linear models were performed to compare the dispersion of affective lability in the different groups. Results Overall group differences in affective lability remained significant after adjusting for covariates (p = .001). BD-II had higher affective lability compared to SZ and BD-I (p = .004), with no significant differences between SZ and BD-I. There were no significant differences in the contributions of ALS-SF dimensions to the total affective lability or in dispersion of affective lability between the groups. Conclusions This study provides the construct of affective lability in psychosis spectrum disorders with more granular details that may have implications for research and clinical care. It demonstrates that despite overlap in core symptom profiles, BD-I is more similar to SZ than it is to BD-II concerning affective lability and the BD groups should consequently be studied apart. Further, affective lability appears to be characterized by fluctuations between depressive- and other affective states across different psychosis spectrum disorders, indicating that affective lability may be related to internalizing problems in these disorders. Finally, although the level varies between groups, affective lability is evenly spread and not driven by extremes across psychosis spectrum disorders and should be assessed irrespective of diagnosis.

scholarly journals How Providers in Child Neurology Transitioned to Telehealth During COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2329048X2110229
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Bain ◽  
Codi-Ann Dyer ◽  
Megan Galvin ◽  
Sylvie Goldman ◽  
Jay Selman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Child Neurology ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Care Practices ◽  
Specific Disorders

To understand child neurology care practices in telehealth (TH), we conducted an online survey interested in identifying which patients should be triaged for in-person evaluations in lieu of telehealth management. We also sought to identify provider and patient/parent limitations of the TH experience. One hundred fourteen clinicians completed the online survey. The majority of child neurologists transitioned within 3 weeks of the pandemic onset and found it inappropriate to evaluate a child under 1 year of age via TH. We identified specific disorders considered inappropriate for initial evaluation via TH, including neuromuscular disease, neuropathy, weakness, autoimmune disease and autism spectrum disorders. Patient and parent technical and economic issues are significant limitations of TH. We suggest quality improvement measures to provide additional training, focusing on particular disorders and increased access for those patients currently excluded from or limited in using or accessing TH.

OBESITY AND SELF-REPORTED OUTCOME AFTER MINIMALLY INVASIVE LUMBAR SPINAL FUSION SURGERY

Neurosurgery ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 956-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Rosen ◽  
Sherise D. Ferguson ◽  
Alfred T. Ogden ◽  
Dezheng Huo ◽  
Richard G. Fessler
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Fusion Surgery ◽  
Body Habitus ◽  
Short Form 36 ◽  
Spinal Fusion Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Abstract OBJECTIVE Many patients undergoing lumbar spine fusion are overweight or obese. The relationship between body habitus and outcome after lumbar spine fusion surgery is not well defined. METHODS We analyzed a prospectively maintained database of self-reported pain and quality of life measures, including Visual Analog Scale pain score, Short Form 36, and Oswestry Disability Index. We selected patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion between September 2002 and June 2006 at a single institution. We used linear regression models and mixed-effects linear models to examine the relationships between body habitus and self-reported outcomes. RESULTS The analysis identified 110 patients meeting the study criteria, with a median follow-up period of 14.8 months. The mean age was 56 years, mean height was 169 cm, and mean weight was 82.2 kg. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.7 kg/m2; 31% of patients were overweight (BMI, 25–29.9), and 32% of patients were obese (BMI, >30). Linear regression analysis did not identify a correlation between weight or BMI and pre- and postsurgery changes in any of the outcome measures. The significant findings observed in the mixed-effects linear models were that the changing patterns of Short Form 36 Body Pain subscale and Short Form 36 Vitality subscale varied significantly by category of BMI (P = 0.01 and P = 0.002, respectively), but not significantly if continuous BMI was used (P = 0.53 and P = 0.46, respectively). BMI correlated marginally with estimated blood loss (P = 0.08), but not operative time, length of hospital stay, or complications. CONCLUSION Among this cohort of minimally invasive lumbar fusion patients, body habitus measured by BMI, weight, or height did not have a significant relationship with most self-reported outcome measures, operative time, length of hospital stay, or complications. Obesity should not be considered a contraindication to minimally invasive lumbar spinal fusion surgery.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Production by Termite Gut Protists: Characterization of Iron Hydrogenases of Parabasalian Symbionts of the Termite Coptotermes formosanus

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1925-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ichi Inoue ◽  
Kanako Saita ◽  
Toshiaki Kudo ◽  
Sadaharu Ui ◽  
Moriya Ohkuma
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Termite Gut ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Gut Symbionts ◽  
Uptake Activity

ABSTRACT Cellulolytic flagellated protists in the guts of termites produce molecular hydrogen (H2) that is emitted by the termites; however, little is known about the physiology and biochemistry of H2 production from cellulose in the gut symbiotic protists due to their formidable unculturability. In order to understand the molecular basis for H2 production, we here identified two genes encoding proteins homologous to iron-only hydrogenases (Fe hydrogenases) in Pseudotrichonympha grassii, a large cellulolytic symbiont in the phylum Parabasalia, in the gut of the termite Coptotermes formosanus. The two Fe hydrogenases were phylogenetically distinct and had different N-terminal accessory domains. The long-form protein represented a phylogenetic lineage unique among eukaryotic Fe hydrogenases, whereas the short form was monophyletic with those of other parabasalids. Active recombinant enzyme forms of these two Fe hydrogenases were successfully obtained without the specific auxiliary maturases. Although they differed in their extent of specific activity and optimal pH, both enzymes preferentially catalyzed H2 evolution rather than H2 uptake. H2 evolution, at least that associated with the short-form enzyme, was still active even under high hydrogen partial pressure. H2 evolution activity was detected in the hydrogenosomal fraction of P. grassii cells; however, the vigorous H2 uptake activity of the endosymbiotic bacteria compensated for the strong H2 evolution activity of the host protists. The results suggest that termite gut symbionts are a rich reservoir of novel Fe hydrogenases whose properties are adapted to the gut environment and that the potential of H2 production in termite guts has been largely underestimated.

A stochastic characterization of Loewner optimality design criterion in linear models

Metrika ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkki P. Liski ◽  
Alexander Zaigraev
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Stochastic Characterization

scholarly journals The need for a comprehensive molecular characterization of autism spectrum disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 651-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jantine A. C. Broek ◽  
Eva Brombacher ◽  
Viktoria Stelzhammer ◽  
Paul C. Guest ◽  
Hassan Rahmoune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Longitudinal increases in childhood depression symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown

2020 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-320372
Author(s):  
Giacomo Bignardi ◽  
Edwin S Dalmaijer ◽  
Alexander L Anwyl-Irvine ◽  
Tess A Smith ◽  
Roma Siugzdaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Children’S Depression ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveThere has been widespread concern that so-called lockdown measures, including social distancing and school closures, could negatively impact children’s mental health. However, there has been little direct evidence of any association due to the paucity of longitudinal studies reporting mental health before and during the lockdown. This present study provides the first longitudinal examination of changes in childhood mental health, a key component of an urgently needed evidence base that can inform policy and practice surrounding the continuing response to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsMental health assessments on 168 children (aged 7.6–11.6 years) were taken before and during the UK lockdown (April–June 2020). Assessments included self-reports, caregiver reports, and teacher reports. Mean mental health scores before and during the UK lockdown were compared using mixed linear models.ResultsA significant increase in depression symptoms during the UK lockdown was observed, as measured by the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) short form. CIs suggest a medium-to-large effect size. There were no significant changes in the RCADS anxiety subscale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire emotional problems subscale.ConclusionsDuring the UK lockdown, children’s depression symptoms have increased substantially, relative to before lockdown. The scale of this effect has direct relevance for the continuation of different elements of lockdown policy, such as complete or partial school closures. This early evidence for the direct impact of lockdown must now be combined with larger scale epidemiological studies that establish which children are most at risk and tracks their future recovery.

Characterization of mutational load in patients with advanced urothelial cancer.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 460-460
Author(s):  
Sumanta K. Pal ◽  
Siraj Mahamed Ali ◽  
Riley Ennis ◽  
Julia Andrea Elvin ◽  
JoAnn Vergilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Cancer ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Mutational Load ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Coverage Depth ◽  
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling ◽  
Advanced Urothelial Cancer ◽  
Very High ◽  
75Th Quartile

460 Background: The efficacy of novel immunotherapeutic agents (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4 inhibitors) in advanced cancer is linked to tumor mutational load. We assessed mutational load via comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) performed in the course of clinical care for patients with advanced urothelial cancer (UC). Methods: DNA was extracted from 40 microns of FFPE sections from 760 consecutive patients with relapsed/metastatic UC. CGP was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation based libraries to a mean coverage depth of 646X for at least 3,230 exons of 182 cancer-related genes plus 37 introns from 14 genes frequently rearranged in cancer. Mutational load was characterized as the number of such SUBs or INDELs per megabase (Mb) after filtering to remove known somatic and deleterious mutations, given that these are selected for with hybrid capture. Results: The median age of the patients was 66 years old with a 3:1 male:female ratio. Mean mutations per megabase were assessed as a range of 0 to 79, and the 25th, median, and 75th quartile thresholds were 3.2, 5.5, and 8.8. MSH6 alterations in 0.8% cases had a median of 15.2 mutations per megabase. However, the ten most frequently altered genes in this series- TERT (64%), TP53 (54%), CDKN2A (35%), CDKN2B (28%), KDM6A (24%), ARID1A (23%), MLL2 (22%), PIK3CA (21%), RB1 (21%) and FGFR3 (19%) - were not associated with differences in mutational load. Conclusions: A highly variable mutational load was seen in patients with advanced UC. A subpopulation of MSH6-altered UC had very high mutational loads relative to other UCs. Further correlation to clinical outcomes will be investigated to assess the correlation between mutational load and response to immunotherapy.

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