Characterization of mutational load in patients with advanced urothelial cancer.
460 Background: The efficacy of novel immunotherapeutic agents (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA4 inhibitors) in advanced cancer is linked to tumor mutational load. We assessed mutational load via comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) performed in the course of clinical care for patients with advanced urothelial cancer (UC). Methods: DNA was extracted from 40 microns of FFPE sections from 760 consecutive patients with relapsed/metastatic UC. CGP was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation based libraries to a mean coverage depth of 646X for at least 3,230 exons of 182 cancer-related genes plus 37 introns from 14 genes frequently rearranged in cancer. Mutational load was characterized as the number of such SUBs or INDELs per megabase (Mb) after filtering to remove known somatic and deleterious mutations, given that these are selected for with hybrid capture. Results: The median age of the patients was 66 years old with a 3:1 male:female ratio. Mean mutations per megabase were assessed as a range of 0 to 79, and the 25th, median, and 75th quartile thresholds were 3.2, 5.5, and 8.8. MSH6 alterations in 0.8% cases had a median of 15.2 mutations per megabase. However, the ten most frequently altered genes in this series- TERT (64%), TP53 (54%), CDKN2A (35%), CDKN2B (28%), KDM6A (24%), ARID1A (23%), MLL2 (22%), PIK3CA (21%), RB1 (21%) and FGFR3 (19%) - were not associated with differences in mutational load. Conclusions: A highly variable mutational load was seen in patients with advanced UC. A subpopulation of MSH6-altered UC had very high mutational loads relative to other UCs. Further correlation to clinical outcomes will be investigated to assess the correlation between mutational load and response to immunotherapy.