scholarly journals Changes in plant debris and carbon stocks across a subalpine forest successional series

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Wang ◽  
Lianjun Zhao ◽  
Yi Bai ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Jianfeng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Successional Series ◽  
Successional Forests ◽  
Shrub Forest

Abstract Background As a structurally and functionally important component in forest ecosystems, plant debris plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Although it is well known that plant debris stocks vary greatly with tree species composition, forest type, forest origin, and stand age, simultaneous investigation on the changes in woody and non-woody debris biomass and their carbon stock with forest succession has not been reported. Therefore, woody and non-woody debris and carbon stocks were investigated across a subalpine forest successional gradient in Wanglang National Nature Reserve on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Results Plant debris ranged from 25.19 to 82.89 Mg∙ha− 1 and showed a global increasing tendency across the subalpine forest successional series except for decreasing at the S4 successional stage. Accordingly, the ratios of woody to non-woody debris stocks ranged from 26.58 to 208.89, and the highest and lowest ratios of woody to non-woody debris stocks were respectively observed in mid-successional coniferous forest and shrub forest, implying that woody debris dominates the plant debris. In particular, the ratios of coarse to fine woody debris stocks varied greatly with the successional stage, and the highest and lowest ratios were found in later and earlier successional subalpine forests, respectively. Furthermore, the woody debris stock varied greatly with diameter size, and larger diameter woody debris dominated the plant debris. Correspondingly, the carbon stock of plant debris ranged from 10.30 to 38.87 Mg∙ha− 1 across the successional series, and the highest and lowest values were observed in the mid-coniferous stage and shrub forest stage, respectively. Most importantly, the carbon stored in coarse woody debris in later successional forests was four times higher than in earlier successional forests. Conclusions The stock and role of woody debris, particularly coarse woody debris, varied greatly with the forest successional stage and dominated the carbon cycle in the subalpine forest ecosystem. Thus, preserving coarse woody debris is a critical strategy for sustainable forest management.

Coarse woody debris in mid-aged stands: abandoned agricultural versus long-term forest land

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1502-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asko Lõhmus ◽  
Piret Lõhmus
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Successional Forests ◽  
Agricultural Areas

During the 20th century, large agricultural areas in Eastern Europe became forested after their abandonment. To explore the value of these new forests for biota, we assessed volumes of coarse woody debris (CWD) on random transects in mid-aged (40–75 years old) stands. In mixed and deciduous forests that were not forested in the 1930s, downed tree (log) volumes were about two times lower than in cutover sites. The effect on snag volume depended on site type and was generally nonsignificant. Large-diameter CWD showed similar proportions in the long-term and new forest areas, but large, well-decayed trunks tended to be less frequent in the latter. No reduction of dead wood volume was found in new pine stands, 98% of which had previously been classified as mires (bogs). Hence the origin of mid-aged successional forests had affected their CWD supply (particularly logs) to some extent, but the general scarcity of CWD all over the forest land indicated much larger (at least five-fold) losses due to timber harvesting. We conclude that naturally reforested areas should not be automatically excluded from reserve establishment or other CWD-related conservation programmes.

scholarly journals Carbon Stock Estimations in a Mediterranean Riparian Forest: A Case Study Combining Field Data and UAV Imagery

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Maria Rosário Fernandes ◽  
Francisca C. Aguiar ◽  
Maria João Martins ◽  
Nuno Rico ◽  
Maria Teresa Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Mineral Layer ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Acacia Dealbata

This study aims to estimate the total biomass aboveground and soil carbon stocks in a Mediterranean riparian forest and identify the contribution of the different species and ecosystem compartments to the overall riparian carbon reservoir. We used a combined field and object-based image analysis (OBIA) approach, based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral imagery, to assess C stock of three dominant riparian species. A linear discriminator was designed, based on a set of spectral variables previously selected in an optimal way, permitting the classification of the species corresponding to every object in the study area. This made it possible to estimate the area occupied by each species and its contribution to the tree aboveground biomass (AGB). Three uncertainty levels were considered, related to the trade-off between the number of unclassified and misclassified objects, leading to an error control associated with the estimated tree AGB. We found that riparian woodlands dominated by Acacia dealbata Link showed the highest average carbon stock per unit area (251 ± 90 tC ha−1) followed by Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner (162 ± 12 tC ha−1) and by Salix salviifolia Brot. (73 ± 17 tC ha−1), which are mainly related to the stem density, vegetation development and successional stage of the different stands. The woody tree compartment showed the highest inputs (79%), followed by the understory vegetation (12%) and lastly by the soil mineral layer (9%). Spectral vegetation indices developed to suppress saturation effects were consistently selected as important variables for species classification. The total tree AGB in the study area varies from 734 to 1053 tC according to the distinct levels of uncertainty. This study provided the foundations for the assessment of the riparian carbon sequestration and the economic value of the carbon stocks provided by similar Mediterranean riparian forests, a highly relevant ecosystem service for the regulation of climate change effects.

scholarly journals Stock de carbone dans les gros débris ligneux végétaux : cas des forêts tropicales pluvieuses de la Likouala, République du Congo

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Suspense Averti Ifo ◽  
Mackline Mbemba ◽  
Félix Koubouana ◽  
Stoffenne Binsangou
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Primary Forests ◽  
Experimental Plots

In order to improve the knowledge of the functioning of tropical rainfall forests in the Congo basin ,a study on the quantification of the stocks of carbon in coarse woody debris was done in Likouala’s area, in Republic of Congo. To achieve this goal,14 squares plots of 50mx50m had installed on the whole study area, including ten plots in primary forest and four in secondary forests. The method used was to make an inventory of woody debris lying on the ground or Log and snags in the different study plots. There sults of this study revealed average stocks of 603.45kg MS.ha -1 in primary forests, 468.64 kg MS.ha-1 in secondaryforestsand392.68 kgMS.ha- 1 in agroforestry, with no significant differences between stocks in primary forests and secondary forests (P = 0.05). In addition this study revealed that carbon stocks varied from one locality to another in all the study area, as well as between the experimental plots (p = 0.005). This study helps to understand that the Chablis played a key role in the production of large woody debris.

scholarly journals Quantification Des Stocks De Carbone De Trois Pools Clés De Carbone En Afrique Centrale : Cas De La Forêt Marécageuse De La Likouala (Nord Congo)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Yannick Enock Bocko ◽  
Suspense Averti Ifo ◽  
Jean Joël Loumeto
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Flooded Forest ◽  
Living Biomass ◽  
Afrique Centrale

The data of carbon stock of central African swamps forests are very few. This study carried out an assessment of the carbon stock of living biomass and coarse woody debris of three biotopes (flooded forest, seasonal flooded forest, and terra firm forest) of Likouala swamp forest (North of Congo). The average of the carbon stock are 190.72±98.7 tC/ha, 39.69±21.24 tC/ha, and 9.45±6.6 tC/ha respectively for above ground, billow ground, and coarse woody debris. The carbon stock of our swamp forest tends to increase generally from the flooded forest to the terra firm forest. In addition, the average of the coarse woody debris carbon stock increases with the increasing of the above ground carbon stock.

scholarly journals Characteristics of coarse woody debris in successional stages of natural beech (Fagus orientalis) forests of Northern Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sefidi ◽  
R. Marvie Mohadjer M
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Carpinus Betulus ◽  
Fagus Orientalis ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Decay Class ◽  
Successional Forests

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important structural and functional component in forests in Northern Iran. In this study we determine the temporal patterns of CWD in Kheyroud Forests by examining the CWD volume in different decay classes and size classes along a chronosequence of secondary forest succession. The volume of CWD followed the general “U-shaped” temporal trend: the highest in the late successional forest (51.25 m<sup>3</sup>.ha<sup>–1</sup>), lowest in the middle successional forest (25.95 m<sup>3</sup>.ha<sup>–1</sup>) and intermediate in the early successional forest (37.05 m<sup>3</sup>.ha<sup>–1</sup>). The late successional forest had a larger amount of logs, snags and stumps than the other two forests. In contrast, the snag volume did not differ between the late and middle successional forest. CWD in decay classes III and V was greater in the late successional forest than that in the other two forests, while CWD in decay classes II and I did not differ among the three successional forests. CWD in class II and I was significantly higher in the early successional forest than that in the middle successional forest. In the early and middle successional forests, CWD in early decay class was dominated by <I>Carpinus betulus</I> L. followed by <I>Fagus orientalis</I> Lipsky. In the late successional forest, CWD in early decay class was dominated by <I>Fagus orientalis</I> while CWD in the late decay class was dominated by <I>Carpinus betulus</I>. While forest succession had a large influence on the amount of CWD in different decay classes, it had no effect on CWD distribution among the different size classes. Our results suggest that both anthropogenic and natural disturbances have had a long-term effect on the distribution of CWD among three forests.

scholarly journals Coarse woody debris carbon stocks in natural spruce forests of Babia hora

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Merganičová ◽  
J. Merganič
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Timber Volume ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Proper Estimation

Although coarse woody debris (CWD) represents one of the major carbon pools in natural forest ecosystems, little information is available about its CWD carbon stocks. This study demonstrates the importance of proper estimation of carbon stocks in CWD, which accounts for the decay process of CWD, on an example of a natural mountainous spruce forest located in Central Europe. The study accounts for aboveground coarse woody debris including standing dead trees, lying deadwood, and naturally formed stumps. Basic mensurational information (diameter, height, decay class) about dead wood was collected in the field during the inventory of the forests of the nature reserve Babia hora. The data were used for the calculation of CWD timber volume. In the next step, CWD timber volume was converted to carbon stock using the carbon proportion of 50.1% and density values of decay classes derived from the information published elsewhere. The analysis revealed that when CWD timber volume was converted to carbon stocks using the basic wood density of fresh wood, C stocks were overestimated by 40% or more depending on the developmental stage and elevation. The results also revealed that as the elevation increases, CWD carbon stocks decrease and the differences between the developmental stages diminish.

Evaluating carbon storage in restoration plantings in the Tasmanian Midlands, a highly modified agricultural landscape

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda D. Prior ◽  
Keryn I. Paul ◽  
Neil J. Davidson ◽  
Mark J. Hovenden ◽  
Scott C. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Belowground Carbon ◽  
Remnant Forest

In recent years there have been incentives to reforest cleared farmland in southern Australia to establish carbon sinks, but the rates of carbon sequestration by such plantings are uncertain at local scales. We used a chronosequence of 21 restoration plantings aged from 6 to 34 years old to measure how above- and belowground carbon relates to the age of the planting. We also compared the amount of carbon in these plantings with that in nearby remnant forest and in adjacent cleared pasture. In terms of total carbon storage in biomass, coarse woody debris and soil, young restoration plantings contained on average much less biomass carbon than the remnant forest (72 versus 203 Mg C ha–1), suggesting that restoration plantings had not yet attained maximum biomass carbon. Mean biomass carbon accumulation during the first 34 years after planting was estimated as 4.2 ± 0.6 Mg C ha–1 year–1, with the 10th and 90th quantile regression estimates being 2.1 and 8.8 Mg C ha–1 year–1. There were no significant differences in soil organic carbon (0–30-cm depth) between the plantings, remnant forest and pasture, with all values in the range of 59–67 Mg ha–1. This is in line with other studies showing that soil carbon is slow to respond to changes in land use. Based on our measured rates of biomass carbon accumulation, it would require ~50 years to accumulate the average carbon content of remnant forests. However, it is more realistic to assume the rates will slow with time, and it could take over 100 years to attain a new equilibrium of biomass carbon stocks.

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