Modified Talk Test: a Randomized Cross-over Trial Investigating the Comparative Utility of Two “Talk Tests” for Determining Aerobic Training Zones in Overweight and Obese Patients

Abstract Background To validate the traditional talk test (TTT) and an alternative talk test (ATT; using a visual analog scale) in overweight/obese (OW-OB) patients and to establish its accuracy in determining the aerobic training zones. Methods We recruited 19 subjects aged 34.9 ± 6.7 years, diagnosed with overweight/obesity (BMI 31.8 ± 5.7). Every subject underwent incremental cycloergometric tests for maximal oxygen consumption, and TTT in a randomized order. At the end of each stage during the TTT, each subject read out loud a 40 words text and then had to identify the comfort to talk in two modalities: TTT which consisted in answering “Yes,” “I don’t know,” or “No” to the question Was talking comfortable?, or ATT through a 1 to 10 numeric perception scale (visual analog scale (VAS)). The magnitude of differences was interpreted in comparison to the smallest worthwhile change and was used to determine agreement. Results There was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 2–3 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) (very likely equivalent; mean difference − 1.3 W, 90% confidence limit (CL) (− 8.2; 5.6), percent chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.7/99.1/0.2%). Also, there was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 6–7 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) (very likely equivalent; mean difference 11.1 W, 90% CL (2.8; 19.2), percent chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.0/97.6/2.4%). Conclusions ATT is a tool to determine exercise intensity and to establish aerobic training zones for exercise prescription in OW-OB patients.

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Modified Talk Test: A randomised cross-over trial investigating the comparative utility of two “Talk Test” for determining aerobic training zones in overweight and obese patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21678/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ignacio Orizola-Cáceres ◽

Hugo Cerda-Kohler ◽

Carlos Burgos-Jara ◽

Roberto Meneses-Valdes ◽

Rafael Gutierrez-Pino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Power Output ◽

Confidence Limit ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Exercise Prescription ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Analog Scale

Abstract Background: to validate the traditional talk test (TTT) and an alternative talk test (ATT; using a visual analog scale) in overweight/obese (OW-OB) patients and to establish its accuracy in determining the aerobic training zones.Methods: We recruited 19 subjects aged 34.9 ± 6.7 years, diagnosed with overweight/obesity (BMI 31.8 ± 5.7). Every subject underwent incremental cycloergometric tests for maximal oxygen consumption, and TTT in a randomized order. At the end of each stage during the TTT each subject read out loud a 40 words text and then had to identify the comfort to talk in two modalities: TTT which consisted in answering “Yes”, “I don’t know” or “No” to the question Was talking comfortable?, or ATT through a 1 to 10 numeric perception scale (visual scale analog: VAS). The magnitude of differences was interpreted in comparison to the smallest worthwhile change and was used to determine agreement.Results: Agreement between the power output at the VAS 2-3 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) (very likely equivalent; mean difference -1.3 Watts (W), 90 % confidence limit (CL) (-8.2; 5.6), % chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.7/99.1/0.2 %). Also, there was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 6-7 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) (very likely equivalent; mean difference 11.1 W, 90 % CL (2.8; 19.2), % chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.0/97.6/2.4 %). Conclusions: ATT is a tool to determine exercise intensity and to establish aerobic training zones for exercise prescription in OW-OB patients.

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The “Talk Test” is a practical tool to determine aerobic training zones in overweight and obese patients.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21678/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ignacio Orizola-Cáceres ◽

Hugo Cerda-Kohler ◽

Carlos Burgos-Jara ◽

Roberto Meneses-Valdes ◽

Rafael Gutierrez-Pino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Power Output ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Exercise Prescription ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Practical Tool

Abstract Background: to validate the traditional talk test (TTT) and an alternative talk test (ATT; using a visual analog scale) in overweight/obese (OW-OB) patients and to establish its accuracy in determining the aerobic training zones.Methods: We recruited 19 subjects aged 34.9 ± 6.7 years, diagnosed with overweight/obesity (BMI 31.8 ± 5.7). Every subject underwent incremental cycloergometric tests for maximal oxygen consumption, and TT in a randomized order. At the end of each stage during the TT each subject read out loud a 40 words text and then had to identify the comfort to talk in two modalities: TTT which consisted in answering “Yes”, “I don’t know” or “No” to the question Was talking comfortable?, or ATT through a 1 to 10 numeric perception scale (visual scale analog: VAS). The magnitude of differences was interpreted in comparison to the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) and was used to determine agreement.Results: Agreement between the power output at the VAS 2-3 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 1 (very likely equivalent; mean difference -1.3 W, 90 % CL (-8.2; 5.6), % chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.7/99.1/0.2 %). Also, there was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 6-7 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 2 (very likely equivalent; mean difference 11.1 W, 90 % CL (2.8; 19.2), % chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.0/97.6/2.4 %). Conclusions: ATT is a tool to determine exercise intensity and to establish aerobic training zones for exercise prescription in OW-OB patients.

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Increasing Iron Status through Dietary Supplementation in Iron-Depleted, Sedentary Women Increases Endurance Performance at Both Near-Maximal and Submaximal Exercise Intensities

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxy271 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (2) ◽

pp. 231-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Laura M Pompano ◽

Jere D Haas

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Iron Status ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Endurance Performance ◽

Mean Difference

ABSTRACT Background Iron deficiency persists as the most common micronutrient deficiency globally, despite having known detrimental effects on physical performance. Although iron supplementation and aerobic exercise have been examined individually and are known to improve physical performance, the impact of simultaneous iron supplementation and aerobic training remains unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the individual and combined effects of iron supplementation and aerobic training on improving maximal and submaximal physical performance in iron-depleted, nonanemic (IDNA) women. We hypothesized that women receiving iron would improve their endurance performance but not their estimated maximal oxygen consumption (eVO2max). Methods Seventy-three sedentary, previously untrained IDNA (serum ferritin <25 µg/L and hemoglobin >110 g/L) women aged 18–26 y with a body mass index (kg/m2) of 17–25 participated in a double-blind, 8-wk, randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design including iron supplementation (42 mg elemental Fe/d) or placebo and aerobic exercise training (5 d/wk for 25 min at 75–85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate) or no training. Linear models were used to examine relations between training, supplement, and changes in the primary outcomes of observed maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and eVO2max and ventilatory threshold (absolute oxygen consumption and percentage of maximum). Re-evaluation of a published meta-analysis was used to compare effects of iron supplementation on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and VO2peak. Results There were significant training-by-supplement interactions for VO2peak, volume of oxygen consumption at the ventilatory threshold, and the percentage of eVO2max where the threshold occurred, with the iron-untrained group performing better than the placebo-untrained group. There was no beneficial effect of iron supplementation for VO2max (mean difference: 0.53; 95% CI: −0.75, 1.81; P = 0.42), but a significant benefit was observed for VO2peak (mean difference: 1.87; 95% CI: 0.15, 3.60; P = 0.03). Conclusions Iron supplementation increases endurance performance at submaximal and maximal (VO2peak) exercise intensities in IDNA women. However, increasing iron status does not increase eVO2max. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03002090.

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Traditional Lègong Dance Training Is Superior to Moderate Aerobic Training on Physical Fitness Improvement Among Young Girls

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2020-0816 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

I Putu Adiartha Griadhi ◽

I Putu Gede Adiatmika ◽

I Ketut Tirtayasa

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Effect Size ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Young Girls ◽

Dance Training

Background: Légong dance is a famous Balinese dance with a dynamic movement. It potentially becomes an exercise of choice to improve young girls’ physical fitness. This study aimed to evaluate légong dance training’s effect on physical fitness compared with aerobic training. Methods: Forty young girls were randomly assigned to the aerobic training (AG) and lègong dance (DG) group and trained with jogging and lègong dancing at moderate-intensity aerobic training. Each was carried out for 30 minutes, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. Result: Aerobic capacity (estimated maximal oxygen consumption) improved significantly in AG and DG, with a mean difference and Cohen d effect size of 0.36 mL/kg/min and 0.68. The back- and leg-muscle strength increased significantly in DG and AG, with a mean difference of 5.55 kg and 6.67 kg, and an effect size of 0.69 and 0.77. Balance improved significantly in DG and AG, with a mean difference of 21.26 seconds and an effect size of 1.05. All significant values are reported at P < .05. There were no significant improvements in arm muscle strength, body fat percentage, and flexibility in either group (P > .05). Conclusion: Lègong dance training results in significant physical fitness improvement and better results than aerobic training.

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Effect of Normal Saline Injections on Lateral Epicondylitis Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546519899644 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (12) ◽

pp. 3094-3102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos Alberto Acosta-Olivo ◽

Juan Manuel Millán-Alanís ◽

Luis Ernesto Simental-Mendía ◽

Neri Álvarez-Villalobos ◽

Félix Vilchez-Cavazos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Visual Analog Scale ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Tennis Elbow ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Lateral Epicondylitis ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Meaningful Improvement

Background: Lateral epicondylitis, or tennis elbow, is a painful degenerative disorder that commonly occurs in adults between 40 and 60 years of age. Normal saline (NS) injections have been used as placebo through a large number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focused on the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Purpose: This meta-analysis of RCTs aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of NS injections on lateral epicondylitis symptoms and compare results with established minimal clinically important difference criteria. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for clinical trials reporting pain and joint function with the visual analog scale, Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand in patients with lateral epicondylitis. The meta-analysis was conducted with a random effects model and generic inverse variance method. Heterogeneity was tested with the I2 statistic index. Results: A total of 15 RCTs included in this meta-analysis revealed a significant improvement in pain (mean difference, 3.61 cm [95% CI, 2.29-4.92 cm]; P < .00001; I2 = 88%; visual analog scale) and function (mean difference, 25.65 [95% CI, 13.30-37.99]; P < .0001; I2 = 82%; Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation / Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) after NS injection (≥6 months). Conclusion: NS injections yielded a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in pain and functional outcomes in patients with lateral epicondylitis. New research should focus on better methods to diminish the potential confounders that could lead to this effect because NS injections could mask the real effect of an active therapeutic intervention in RCT. Registration: CRD42019127547 (PROSPERO).

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Comparing Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Obese and Nonobese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-113445/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoxiong Huang ◽

Wanjin Qin ◽

Huilin Yang ◽

Minjie Shen

Keyword(s):

Visual Analog Scale ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Visual Analog Scale Score ◽

Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Estimated Blood Loss ◽

Duration Of Surgery ◽

Nonobese Patients

Abstract Background: Our study aimed to compare the outcomes of obese and nonobese patients following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF).Methods: Relevant studies comparing the outcome of MIS-TLIF between obese and nonobese patients were involved to make a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. All of the comparative studies published in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases as recently as 10 July 2020, were included. Primary outcomes (complications) and secondary outcomes (Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, the length of hospital stay, the duration of surgery, and the estimated blood loss) were assessed between obese patients and nonobese patients. Statistical analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 and forest plots were made for each outcome.Results: Nine studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis. BMI correlated significantly with complications, and postoperative complications occurred more frequently in obese patients. Additionally, obese patients after MIS-TLIF were associated with similar Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, Visual Analog Scale score for back pain(BP-VAS), and Visual Analog Scale score for leg pain(LP-VAS) scores in early (≤6 months after MIS-TLIF) and late period (≥24 months after MIS-TLIF). There was no significant difference in intraoperative complications, duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, and estimated blood loss between the two groups.Conclusion: Obese patients should not be excluded from MIS-TLIF procedures due to worry about higher postoperative complication rates. Understanding common postoperative complications after MIS-TLIF will improve the treatment of obese patients with the degenerative lumbar disease.

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Effectiveness of The Back School and The Pilates Method in Disability and Pain of Patients With Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain. Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27957/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mario Manuel López Mesa ◽

Javier Julian Cabrerizo Fernandez ◽

Antonio Lopez Roman ◽

Eva Maria Rodriguez Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Visual Analog Scale ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Low Back ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Back School ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Pilates Method

Abstract Objective: The purpose was to compare the effectiveness of the Pilates Method versus the Back School in specialized care, assessing improving the disability with the Roland Morris questionnaire and the perceived pain with the visual analog scale (VAS) in people with non-specific chronic low back pain. Method: Single-blind randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of the Pilates Method for patients with low back pain compared to Back School exercises, two groups of 48 patients, 3-month treatment period. Results: The Pilates Group (GP) recorded significant improvements in all of the variables that were the subject for this research, compared to those provided by the Back School Group (GEE). In the Roland Morris questionnaire of 0,41 points [GP (Mean difference [MD] Pretreatment-posttreatment =2,08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1,21 to 2,95; p=0,001) vs GEE ( MD=1,66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0,90 to 2,43; p=0,001 )]. In the visual analog scale (VAS) of 0,40 points [ GP (Mean difference [MD] Pretreatment-posttreatment =1,82; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1,24 to 2,40; p=0,001 ) vs GEE (MD=1,42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0,82 to 2,04; p=0,001)]. Conclusions: The treatment of nonspecific low back pain with therapeutic Pilates is more effective than the therapeutic treatment of the Back School, both in terms of functional disability and intensity of pain. Trial registration : This trial is registered in http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5nk2tr/ , with the ID number of RBR-5nk2tr

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Comparison of the talk test and percent heart rate reserve for exercise prescription

Kinesiology ◽

10.26582/k.50.1.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 3-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John P. Porcari ◽

Katelyn Falck-Wiese

Keyword(s):

Exercise Intensity ◽

Power Output ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Exercise Prescription ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Body Height ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Group Exercise ◽

Cycle Ergometer Test

Exercise intensity is traditionally prescribed using %HRmax, %HRR, %VO2max, or %VO2R. Recently, the Talk Test (TT) has been proposed as an alternative method to guide exercise intensity. However, it is unknown if prescribing exercise intensity solely using the TT can provoke training responses that are comparable to traditional guidelines. This study compared the responses to training using either the TT or %HRR. Forty-four subjects (17 males and 27 females: age=20.4±3.02 years; body height=170.5±9.79 cm; body weight=71.9±13.63 kg) completed an incremental maximal cycle ergometer test, were stratified by VO2max and gender, and randomly assigned to training groups guided by either %HRR (n=20) or the TT (n=24). Both groups completed 40-minute training sessions three days per week for 10 weeks. In the HRR group, exercise intensity was targeted (per ACSM guidelines) at 40-59% HRR for weeks 1-4, 50-59% HRR for weeks 5-8, and 60-79% HRR for weeks 9-10. In the TT group, exercise intensity was targeted at the highest power output (PO) that still allowed for comfortable speech. Changes in VO2max, peak power output (PPO), VO2 at ventilatory threshold (VT), and PO at VT were compared between the groups using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. There were significant (p<.05) pre vs. post increases in VO2max (TT=10.6%; HRR=11.5%), PPO (TT=19%; HR=14%), VO2 at VT (T=32.7%; HRR=56.9%), and PO at VT (TT=43.1%; HRR=38.6%) in both groups, with no significant (p>0.05) interaction effect. Guiding exercise prescription using the TT is a simple and effective method for prescribing exercise intensity and elicits improvements in exercise performance that are comparable to the traditional %HRR guidelines.

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Dreierkombination (Thomapyrin®) ist wirksamer bei Kopfschmerzen als Monosubstanzen und Zweierkombination

Nervenheilkunde ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1629992 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 24 (07) ◽

pp. 626-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Pfaffenrath ◽

L. Pageler ◽

H. Peil ◽

B. Aicher ◽

H. C. Diener

Keyword(s):

Pain Intensity ◽

Visual Analog Scale ◽

A Priori ◽

Intensity Difference ◽

Visuelle Analogskala ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Pain Intensity Difference

ZusammenfassungDie Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit einer Einzelgabe von zwei Tabletten der fixen Dreierkombination mit 250 mg Azetylsalizylsäure (ASS) plus 200 mg Paracetamol plus 50 mg Koffein (Thomapyrin®) gegenüber zwei Tabletten mit 500 mg ASS, oder zwei Tabletten mit 500 mg Paracetamol, oder zwei Tabletten mit 50 mg Koffein beziehungsweise Plazebo wurde in einer klinischen Studie an 1 743 Patienten geprüft, die ihre episodischen Kopfschmerzen vom Spannungstyp oder ihre Migräne mit und ohne Aura üblicherweise erfolgreich mit verschreibungsfreien Analgetika behandeln. Die Dreierkombination war im a priori definierten primären Endpunkt “Zeit bis zu 50% Schmerzreduktion” sowohl der Zweierkombination aus ASS plus Paracetamol (p = 0,0181), als auch den Monoanalgetika ASS (p = 0,0398) und Paracetamol (p = 0,0016), sowie auch der Monotherapie mit Koffein (p < 0,0001) und Plazebo (p < 0,0001) überlegen. Alle Behandlungen außer der Koffein-Monotherapie waren der Plazebobehandlung überlegen (p < 0,0001). Die überlegene Wirksamkeit der Dreierkombination gilt auch für alle sekundären Endpunkte wie beispielsweise der “Verringerung der Kopfschmerzen auf 10 mm VAS (visual analog scale = visuelle Analogskala zur Schmerzmessung), dem gewichteten % SPID (sum of pain intensity difference = aufsummierte Schmerzintensitätsdifferenz gegenüber dem Ausgangsschmerz in Prozent), dem Ausmaß der Beeinträchtigung der alltäglichen Aktivitäten und der globalen Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit durch die Patienten. Alle Behandlungen waren gut verträglich, die Inzidenz von unerwünschten Begleiterscheinungen war gering.

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Perceived Tension, Movement, and Pleasantness in Harmonic Musical Intervals and Noises

Music Perception An Interdisciplinary Journal ◽

10.1525/mp.2020.37.4.298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 298-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marco Costa ◽

Mattia Nese

Keyword(s):

Visual Analog Scale ◽

Energy Content ◽

High Pitch ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Psychophysical Procedure ◽

Preliminary Study

Perceived valence, tension, and movement of harmonic musical intervals (from the unison to the octave presented in a low- and high-register) and standard noises (brown, pink, white, blue, purple) were assessed in two studies that differed in the crossmodal procedure by which tension and movement were rated: proprioceptive device or visual analog scale. Valence was evaluated in both studies with the visual analog scale. In a preliminary study, the proprioceptive device was calibrated with a psychophysical procedure. Roughness of the stimuli was included as covariate. Tension was perceived higher in dissonant intervals and in intervals presented in the high register. The higher the high-pitch energy content in the standard noise, the higher the perceived tension. The visual analog scale resulted in higher tension ratings than the proprioceptive device. Perception of movement was higher in dissonant intervals, in intervals in the high register, and in standard noises than in musical intervals. High-pitch spectrum noises were associated with more sense of movement than low-pitch spectrum noises. Consonant intervals and low-register intervals were evaluated as more pleasant than dissonant and high-register intervals. High-pitch spectrum purple and blue noises were evaluated as more unpleasant than low-pitch spectrum noises.

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