The “Talk Test” is a practical tool to determine aerobic training zones in overweight and obese patients.

Abstract Background: to validate the traditional talk test (TTT) and an alternative talk test (ATT; using a visual analog scale) in overweight/obese (OW-OB) patients and to establish its accuracy in determining the aerobic training zones.Methods: We recruited 19 subjects aged 34.9 ± 6.7 years, diagnosed with overweight/obesity (BMI 31.8 ± 5.7). Every subject underwent incremental cycloergometric tests for maximal oxygen consumption, and TT in a randomized order. At the end of each stage during the TT each subject read out loud a 40 words text and then had to identify the comfort to talk in two modalities: TTT which consisted in answering “Yes”, “I don’t know” or “No” to the question Was talking comfortable?, or ATT through a 1 to 10 numeric perception scale (visual scale analog: VAS). The magnitude of differences was interpreted in comparison to the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) and was used to determine agreement.Results: Agreement between the power output at the VAS 2-3 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 1 (very likely equivalent; mean difference -1.3 W, 90 % CL (-8.2; 5.6), % chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.7/99.1/0.2 %). Also, there was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 6-7 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 2 (very likely equivalent; mean difference 11.1 W, 90 % CL (2.8; 19.2), % chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.0/97.6/2.4 %). Conclusions: ATT is a tool to determine exercise intensity and to establish aerobic training zones for exercise prescription in OW-OB patients.

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Modified Talk Test: A randomised cross-over trial investigating the comparative utility of two “Talk Test” for determining aerobic training zones in overweight and obese patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21678/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ignacio Orizola-Cáceres ◽

Hugo Cerda-Kohler ◽

Carlos Burgos-Jara ◽

Roberto Meneses-Valdes ◽

Rafael Gutierrez-Pino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Power Output ◽

Confidence Limit ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Exercise Prescription ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Analog Scale

Abstract Background: to validate the traditional talk test (TTT) and an alternative talk test (ATT; using a visual analog scale) in overweight/obese (OW-OB) patients and to establish its accuracy in determining the aerobic training zones.Methods: We recruited 19 subjects aged 34.9 ± 6.7 years, diagnosed with overweight/obesity (BMI 31.8 ± 5.7). Every subject underwent incremental cycloergometric tests for maximal oxygen consumption, and TTT in a randomized order. At the end of each stage during the TTT each subject read out loud a 40 words text and then had to identify the comfort to talk in two modalities: TTT which consisted in answering “Yes”, “I don’t know” or “No” to the question Was talking comfortable?, or ATT through a 1 to 10 numeric perception scale (visual scale analog: VAS). The magnitude of differences was interpreted in comparison to the smallest worthwhile change and was used to determine agreement.Results: Agreement between the power output at the VAS 2-3 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) (very likely equivalent; mean difference -1.3 Watts (W), 90 % confidence limit (CL) (-8.2; 5.6), % chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.7/99.1/0.2 %). Also, there was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 6-7 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) (very likely equivalent; mean difference 11.1 W, 90 % CL (2.8; 19.2), % chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.0/97.6/2.4 %). Conclusions: ATT is a tool to determine exercise intensity and to establish aerobic training zones for exercise prescription in OW-OB patients.

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Modified Talk Test: a Randomized Cross-over Trial Investigating the Comparative Utility of Two “Talk Tests” for Determining Aerobic Training Zones in Overweight and Obese Patients

Sports Medicine - Open ◽

10.1186/s40798-021-00315-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ignacio Orizola-Cáceres ◽

Hugo Cerda-Kohler ◽

Carlos Burgos-Jara ◽

Roberto Meneses-Valdes ◽

Rafael Gutierrez-Pino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Analog Scale ◽

Power Output ◽

Confidence Limit ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Exercise Prescription ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Analog Scale

Abstract Background To validate the traditional talk test (TTT) and an alternative talk test (ATT; using a visual analog scale) in overweight/obese (OW-OB) patients and to establish its accuracy in determining the aerobic training zones. Methods We recruited 19 subjects aged 34.9 ± 6.7 years, diagnosed with overweight/obesity (BMI 31.8 ± 5.7). Every subject underwent incremental cycloergometric tests for maximal oxygen consumption, and TTT in a randomized order. At the end of each stage during the TTT, each subject read out loud a 40 words text and then had to identify the comfort to talk in two modalities: TTT which consisted in answering “Yes,” “I don’t know,” or “No” to the question Was talking comfortable?, or ATT through a 1 to 10 numeric perception scale (visual analog scale (VAS)). The magnitude of differences was interpreted in comparison to the smallest worthwhile change and was used to determine agreement. Results There was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 2–3 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) (very likely equivalent; mean difference − 1.3 W, 90% confidence limit (CL) (− 8.2; 5.6), percent chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.7/99.1/0.2%). Also, there was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 6–7 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) (very likely equivalent; mean difference 11.1 W, 90% CL (2.8; 19.2), percent chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.0/97.6/2.4%). Conclusions ATT is a tool to determine exercise intensity and to establish aerobic training zones for exercise prescription in OW-OB patients.

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Increasing Iron Status through Dietary Supplementation in Iron-Depleted, Sedentary Women Increases Endurance Performance at Both Near-Maximal and Submaximal Exercise Intensities

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxy271 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (2) ◽

pp. 231-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Laura M Pompano ◽

Jere D Haas

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Iron Status ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Endurance Performance ◽

Mean Difference

ABSTRACT Background Iron deficiency persists as the most common micronutrient deficiency globally, despite having known detrimental effects on physical performance. Although iron supplementation and aerobic exercise have been examined individually and are known to improve physical performance, the impact of simultaneous iron supplementation and aerobic training remains unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the individual and combined effects of iron supplementation and aerobic training on improving maximal and submaximal physical performance in iron-depleted, nonanemic (IDNA) women. We hypothesized that women receiving iron would improve their endurance performance but not their estimated maximal oxygen consumption (eVO2max). Methods Seventy-three sedentary, previously untrained IDNA (serum ferritin <25 µg/L and hemoglobin >110 g/L) women aged 18–26 y with a body mass index (kg/m2) of 17–25 participated in a double-blind, 8-wk, randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design including iron supplementation (42 mg elemental Fe/d) or placebo and aerobic exercise training (5 d/wk for 25 min at 75–85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate) or no training. Linear models were used to examine relations between training, supplement, and changes in the primary outcomes of observed maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and eVO2max and ventilatory threshold (absolute oxygen consumption and percentage of maximum). Re-evaluation of a published meta-analysis was used to compare effects of iron supplementation on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and VO2peak. Results There were significant training-by-supplement interactions for VO2peak, volume of oxygen consumption at the ventilatory threshold, and the percentage of eVO2max where the threshold occurred, with the iron-untrained group performing better than the placebo-untrained group. There was no beneficial effect of iron supplementation for VO2max (mean difference: 0.53; 95% CI: −0.75, 1.81; P = 0.42), but a significant benefit was observed for VO2peak (mean difference: 1.87; 95% CI: 0.15, 3.60; P = 0.03). Conclusions Iron supplementation increases endurance performance at submaximal and maximal (VO2peak) exercise intensities in IDNA women. However, increasing iron status does not increase eVO2max. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03002090.

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β-Adrenergic receptor number in human lymphocytes is inversely correlated with aerobic capacity

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.6.e1106 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 274 (6) ◽

pp. E1106-E1112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nobuharu Fujii ◽

Sachiko Homma ◽

Fumio Yamazaki ◽

Ryoko Sone ◽

Takeshi Shibata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Mrna Level ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Subsequent Degradation ◽

Intracellular Compartments ◽

Model Cell

In the present study, the relationships between β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) expression and aerobic capacity evaluated by maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) and oxygen consumption level at ventilatory threshold (V˙o 2@VT) were investigated. Seventeen physically untrained and 25 trained men participated in the study. After supine resting, the peripheral blood was sampled for preparation of lymphocytes, the model cell used to analyze the β-AR state. The total number of β-AR in lymphocytes (β-ARtotal) was inversely correlated with theV˙o 2 max( r = −0.368; P < 0.05) and theV˙o 2@VT ( r = −0.359; P < 0.05). Similar relationships were also observed between the number of β-AR in cell surface and both V˙o 2 max( r = −0.491; P < 0.05) andV˙o 2@VT ( r = −0.498; P < 0.05). However, no correlation was obtained between the number of β-AR in intracellular compartments and eitherV˙o 2 max orV˙o 2@VT. The β2-AR mRNA level quantified by the use of competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was inversely correlated withV˙o 2@VT ( r = −0.567; P < 0.05) and positively correlated with β-ARtotal( r = 0.521; P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the β-AR number in lymphocytes is inversely correlated with aerobic capacity. This relationship may be explained by downregulation of β-AR, including internalization with subsequent degradation of the receptors and inhibition of the β-AR biosynthesis.

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Aerobic capacity and respiratory patterns are better in recreational basketball-engaged university students than age-matched untrained males

Biomedical Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/bhk-2021-0014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 111-120

Author(s):

Mladen Mikić ◽

Marko D.M. Stojanović ◽

Aleksandra Milovančev ◽

Tatjana Miljković ◽

Marija Bjelobrk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

University Students ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Body Height ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Respiratory Parameters ◽

Recreational Basketball

Abstract Study aim: To asses and compare the aerobic capacity and respiratory parameters in recreational basketball-engaged university students with age-matched untrained young adults. Material and methods: A total of 30 subjects were selected to took part in the study based on recreational-basketball activity level and were assigned to a basketball (BG: n = 15, age 22.86 ± 1.35 yrs., body height 185.07 ± 5.95 cm, body weight 81.21 ± 6.15 kg) and untrained group (UG: n = 15, age 22.60 ± 1.50 yrs., body height 181.53 ± 6.11 cm, body weight 76.89 ± 7.30 kg). Inspiratory vital capacity (IVC), forced expiration volume (FEV1), FEV1/IVC ratio, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (VO2VT) and time to exhaustion, were measured in all subjects. Student T-test for independent Sample and Cohen’s d as the measure of the effect size were calculated. Results: Recreational basketball-engaged students (EG) reached significantly greater IVC (t = 7.240, p < 0.001, d = 1.854), FEV1 (t = 10.852, p < 0.001, d = 2.834), FEV1/IVC ratio (t = 6.370, p < 0.001, d = 3.920), maximal oxygen consumption (t = 9.039, p < 0.001, d = 3.310), ventilatory threshold (t = 9.859, p < 0.001, d = 3.607) and time to exhaustion (t = 12.361, p < 0.001, d = 4.515) compared to UG. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to recreational basketball leads to adaptive changes in aerobic and respiratory parameters in male university students.

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THE IMPACT OF 4-WEEK AEROBIC TRAINING ON THE AEROBIC STATUS OF TOP-LEVEL JUDOKAS

Facta Universitatis Series Physical Education and Sport ◽

10.22190/fupes171015018m ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 201

Author(s):

Milenko Milošević ◽

Predrag Nemec ◽

Vesna Nemec ◽

Miloš Milošević

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Anaerobic Threshold ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Maximum Amount ◽

Metabolic Adaptation ◽

Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽

Training Methodology ◽

The Impact ◽

Powerful Incentive

The aim of this paper is to use a training methodology that we believe to be a powerful incentive for cardiovascular and metabolic adaptation via individually programmed aerobic running directly through the consumption of oxygen. The experiment was carried out on a top judo team of 9 competitors in a 4-week training period. The distribution of training loads ranged between the anaerobic threshold and maximum oxygen consumption. In four weeks of training, the judokas significantly improved their results for maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) from 2% to 15%, maximum relative oxygen consumption (VO2rel) from 2% to 16%, the Cooper test (K) from 2% to 15% and the speed at which the maximum amount of oxygen (vVO2max) is expended, from 2% to 15%. The judokas started from 64% to 83% of their genetic capacity in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), from 64% to 83% in maximum relative oxygen consumption (VO2rel) and 70% to 85% of the capacity at which they consumed the maximum amount of oxygen (vVO2max). After 4 weeks of training, 72% to 91% of the genetic capacity of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) ranged from 74% to 92% of the maximum relative oxygen consumption (VO2rel) and from 78% to 93% of the genetically projected capacity at the maximum amount of oxygen rate (vVO2max). In order to achieve these results, the judokas had to expend 943.80 to 1887.71 liters of oxygen ((∑VO2) to cross a distance ((∑ DT) from 67523.0 m to 102386.0 m and consume from 4719 to 9438.55 kilocalories ((∑ kcal).

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Traditional Lègong Dance Training Is Superior to Moderate Aerobic Training on Physical Fitness Improvement Among Young Girls

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2020-0816 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

I Putu Adiartha Griadhi ◽

I Putu Gede Adiatmika ◽

I Ketut Tirtayasa

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Effect Size ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Young Girls ◽

Dance Training

Background: Légong dance is a famous Balinese dance with a dynamic movement. It potentially becomes an exercise of choice to improve young girls’ physical fitness. This study aimed to evaluate légong dance training’s effect on physical fitness compared with aerobic training. Methods: Forty young girls were randomly assigned to the aerobic training (AG) and lègong dance (DG) group and trained with jogging and lègong dancing at moderate-intensity aerobic training. Each was carried out for 30 minutes, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. Result: Aerobic capacity (estimated maximal oxygen consumption) improved significantly in AG and DG, with a mean difference and Cohen d effect size of 0.36 mL/kg/min and 0.68. The back- and leg-muscle strength increased significantly in DG and AG, with a mean difference of 5.55 kg and 6.67 kg, and an effect size of 0.69 and 0.77. Balance improved significantly in DG and AG, with a mean difference of 21.26 seconds and an effect size of 1.05. All significant values are reported at P < .05. There were no significant improvements in arm muscle strength, body fat percentage, and flexibility in either group (P > .05). Conclusion: Lègong dance training results in significant physical fitness improvement and better results than aerobic training.

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