scholarly journals Compliant vascular models 3D printed with the Stratasys J750: a direct characterization of model distensibility using intravascular ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Sparks ◽  
Cody M. Smith ◽  
Ariana B. Allman ◽  
Jillian L. Senko ◽  
Karen M. Meess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Compliant Material

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate biomechanical accuracy of 3D printed anatomical vessels using a material jetting printer (J750, Stratasys, Rehovot, Israel) by measuring distensibility via intravascular ultrasound. Materials and methods The test samples are 3D printed tubes to simulate arterial vessels (aorta, carotid artery, and coronary artery). Each vessel type is defined by design geometry of the vessel inner diameter and wall thickness. Vessel inner diameters are aorta = 30mm, carotid = 7mm, and coronary = 3mm. Vessel wall thickness are aorta = 3mm, carotid = 1.5mm, and coronary = 1mm. Each vessel type was printed in 3 different material options. Material options are user-selected from the J750 printer software graphical user interface as blood vessel wall anatomy elements in ‘compliant’, ‘slightly compliant’, and ‘rigid’ options. Three replicates of each vessel type were printed in each of the three selected material options, for a total of 27 models. The vessels were connected to a flow loop system where pressure was monitored via a pressure wire and cross-sectional area was measured with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Distensibility was calculated by comparing the % difference in cross-sectional area vs. pulse pressure to clinical literature values. Target clinical ranges for normal and diseased population distensibility are 10.3-44 % for the aorta, 5.1-10.1 % for carotid artery, and 0.5-6 % for coronary artery. Results Aorta test vessels had the most clinically representative distensibility when printed in user-selected ‘compliant’ and ‘slightly compliant’ material. All aorta test vessels of ‘compliant’ material (n = 3) and 2 of 3 ‘slightly compliant’ vessels evaluated were within target range. Carotid vessels were most clinically represented in distensibility when printed in ‘compliant’ and ‘slightly compliant’ material. For carotid test vessels, 2 of 3 ‘compliant’ material samples and 1 of 3 ‘slightly compliant’ material samples were within target range. Coronary arteries were most clinically represented in distensibility when printed in ‘slightly compliant’ and ‘rigid’ material. For coronary test vessels, 1 of 3 ‘slightly compliant’ materials and 3 of 3 ‘rigid’ material samples fell within target range. Conclusions This study suggests that advancements in materials and 3D printing technology introduced with the J750 Digital Anatomy 3D Printer can enable anatomical models with clinically relevant distensibility.

Utility of Intravascular Ultrasound in Carotid Stenting

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Wilson ◽  
Rodney A. White ◽  
George E. Kopchok
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Carotid Stenting ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Ivus Imaging

Purpose: To illustrate the utility of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging during endoluminal interventions in the carotid artery. Methods and Results: A patient with symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusive disease was treated with balloon angioplasty and evaluated with both angiography (interpreted as a widely patent outcome) and IVUS, which identified a residual 70% cross-sectional area stenosis. A stent was placed across the lesion, producing a 70% increase in the lumen as documented by IVUS in comparison to the cross-sectional area of the reference vessel. Postprocedural angiography of the stented segment showed only an approximate 20% increase in diameter. Conclusions: This study highlights the utility of IVUS for accurate assessment of angioplasty outcome and for quantitative assessment of luminal volume following intervention and stent placement. The case emphasizes the need for IVUS as an integral part of the procedure to ensure adequate treatment and to accurately document the residual lesion for assessment of recurrence phenomena at follow-up.

Vascular and Antioxidant Effects of an Aqueous Mentha cordifolia Extract in Experimental NG-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester-Induced Hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poungrat Pakdeechote ◽  
Parichat Prachaney ◽  
Warinee Berkban ◽  
Upa Kukongviriyapan ◽  
Veerapol Kukongviriyapan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Induced Hypertension

The effect of an aqueous Mentha cordifolia (MC) extract on the haemodynamic status, vascular remodeling, function, and oxidative status in NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given L-NAME [50 mg/(kg body weight (BW) d)] in their drinking water for 5 weeks and were treated by intragastric administration with the MC extract [200 mg/(kgBWd)] for 2 consecutive weeks. Quercetin [25 mg/(kg BW d)] was used as a positive control. The effects of the MC extract on the haemodynamic status, thoracic aortic wall thickness, and oxidative stress markers were determined, and the vasorelaxant activity of the MC extract was tested in isolated mesenteric vascular beds in rats. Significant increases in the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), hind limb vascular resistance (HVR), wall thickness, and cross-sectional area of the thoracic aorta, as well as oxidative stress markers were found in the LNAME- treated group compared to the control (P<0.05). MAP, HVR, wall thickness, cross-sectional area of the thoracic aorta, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and vascular superoxide anion production were significantly reduced in L-NAME hypersensitive rats treated with the MC extract or quercetin. Furthermore, the MC extract induced vasorelaxation in the pre-constricted mesenteric vascular bed with intact and denuded endothelium of normotensive and hypertensive rats. Our results suggest that the MC extract exhibits an antihypertensive effect via its antioxidant capacity, vasodilator property, and reduced vascular remodeling.

Relation between Coronary Artery Cross Sectional Area and Left Ventricular Wall Mass

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Doo Hong Choi ◽  
Hak Sun Kim ◽  
Sun Ho Chang ◽  
Joo Young Cho ◽  
Sung Gu Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Left Ventricular Wall ◽  
Ventricular Wall ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wall Mass

scholarly journals Comparison of alternate preparative techniques on wall thickness in coronary artery bypass grafts: the HArVeST randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Angelini ◽  
Tom Johnson ◽  
Culliford Lucy ◽  
Gavin Murphy ◽  
Tracy Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Pressure Testing ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: The success of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) is dependent on long-term graft patency, which is negatively related to early wall thickening. Avoiding high-pressure distension testing for leaks and preserving the surrounding pedicle of fat and adventitia during vein harvesting may reduce wall thickening. Methods: A single-centre, factorial randomised controlled trial was carried out to compare the impact of testing for leaks under high versus low pressure and harvesting the vein with versus without the pedicle in patients undergoing CABG. The primary outcomes were graft wall thickness, as indicator of medial-intimal hyperplasia, and lumen diameter assessed using intravascular ultrasound after 12 months. Results: 96 eligible participants were recruited. With conventional harvest, low-pressure testing tended to yield a thinner vessel wall compared to high-pressure (mean difference MD (low minus high) -0.059mm, 95%CI -0.12, +0.0039, p=0.066). With high pressure testing, veins harvested with the pedicle fat tended to have a thinner vessel wall than those harvested conventionally (MD (pedicle minus conventional) -0.057mm, 95%CI -0.12, +0.0037, p=0.066, test for interaction p=0.07). Lumen diameter was similar across groups (harvest comparison p=0.81; pressure comparison p=0.24). Low pressure testing was associated with fewer hospital admissions in the 12 months following surgery (p=0.0008). Harvesting the vein with the pedicle fat was associated with more complications during the index admission (p=0.0041). Conclusions: Conventional saphenous vein graft preparation with low pressure distension and harvesting the vein with a surrounding pedicle yielded similar graft wall thickness after 12 months, but low pressure was associated with fewer adverse events.

Intravascular Ultrasound: Potential Tool to Assess Coronary Anastomosis Quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Piergiorgio Tozzi ◽  
Antonio F Corno ◽  
Ludwig K von Segesser
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
Left Internal Mammary Artery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Off Pump ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Macroscopic Examination

Coronary angiography and Doppler flow measurements are most commonly used to assess the patency of anastomoses in the operating theater. Intravascular ultrasound might be another means of monitoring the surgical procedure during coronary artery bypass. Five sheep underwent off-pump bypass of the left anterior descending coronary artery using the left internal mammary artery. The running suture was evaluated by intraoperative fluoroscopy and a coronary intravascular ultrasound probe inserted into the target artery proximal to the anastomosis. Macroscopic examination of the anastomosis was performed to validate the angiographic and intravascular ultrasound images. The diameter, cross-sectional area, and compliance of each anastomosis were calculated in systole and diastole. All anastomoses were patent without signs of stenosis. In one case, intravascular ultrasound showed an intimal flap, which was confirmed by macroscopic examination. The mean major anastomotic diameter was 4.5 ± 0.5 mm on angiography and 4.0 ± 0.5 mm on intravascular ultrasound. From the ultrasound data, the mean cross-sectional anastomotic area was calculated as 6.21 ± 0.1 mm2 in systole and 5.49 ± 0.1 mm2 in diastole, and these data were used to calculate the cross-sectional anastomosis compliance. Coronary intravascular ultrasound can visualize intima-to-intima apposition and provide reliable calculations of anastomosis compliance.

Effects of intravenous arginine vasopressin on epicardial coronary artery cross sectional area in a swine resuscitation model

Resuscitation ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Wenzel ◽  
Karl B. Kern ◽  
Ronald W. Hilwig ◽  
Robert A. Berg ◽  
Severin Schwarzacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epicardial Coronary Artery
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