scholarly journals Obstructs-equipped apparatus reduces cannibalism and improves larval survival of the Coccinellid, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Xing Sun ◽  
Ya-Nan Hao ◽  
Chang-Zhong Liu ◽  
Jing-Jiang Zhou ◽  
Sen-Shan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Con A ◽  
Ladybird Beetles ◽  
High Propensity ◽  
Petri Dishes

Abstract Background Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important biocontrol agent in native region of Asia, while its high propensity for cannibalism causes great obstacles in mass production. Provisioning obstructs in rearing containers could decrease the cannibalism of ladybird beetles. In this study, three different patterns of obstructs (Con-A, Con-B, and Con-C) were designed and equipped in plastic Petri dishes (95.38 cm3) as rearing units, and their efficiency for H. axyridis larval survival was tested. The potential of the high-density rearing was then evaluated using the optimal units with 16, 24, or 32 larvae per unit (named 16-L, 24-L, or 32-L, respectively). Results Larval survivals in obstructs-equipped units were generally higher than those in control, and significantly increased with the Con-C units (39.8% versus 74.2% at adult stage). With the Con-C units, the survivals were significantly higher at 16-L density (82.5%) than those at 24-L density (62.5%), but both were non-significantly different from those at 32-L density (70.0%). The weights of newly emerged adults (fit with the expected sex ratio of 1:1) at the higher densities were lower than those at 16-L density. Conclusions The results demonstrate that H. axyridis can be reared at a higher density (≈ 0.336 larvae/cm3) in a constrained unit and highlight the effects of obstructs in reducing cannibalism and improving insect survivals.

scholarly journals Transgenerational Effects of a Neonicotinoid and a Novel Sulfoximine Insecticide on the Harlequin Ladybird

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Changchun Dai ◽  
Michele Ricupero ◽  
Zequn Wang ◽  
Nicolas Desneux ◽  
Antonio Biondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Harlequin Ladybird

The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a generalist predator and an effective biocontrol agent of various insect pests that has been exploited for the control of aphid pests in the greenhouse and field. However, insecticides are widely used to control aphid pests worldwide and the potential non-target effects of sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid for controlling aphid pests towards this biocontrol agent are little known. Although both sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of insects, sulfoxaflor has a novel chemical structure compared with neonicotinoids. We assessed the lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid on H. axyridis simultaneously exposed via ingestion of contaminated prey and via residual contact on the host plant at LC20 and LC50 doses estimated for the cotton aphid. Imidacloprid significantly reduced the survival of H. axyridis adults compared to sulfoxaflor at the same lethal concentration against cotton aphid. Both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor reduced the proportion of ovipositing females, and both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor, except LC20 dose of sulfoxaflor, reduced the fecundity and fertility of the parental generation. In the progeny of imidacloprid- and sulfoxaflor-exposed parents, both tested LC50 concentrations significantly decreased the juvenile survival rate, and both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor, except LC20 dose of sulfoxaflor, prolonged the development time. Our findings provide evidence of the negative influence of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor at low lethal concentrations on the harlequin ladybird and on the progeny of exposed individuals, i.e., transgenerational effects. Hence, these findings stress the importance of optimizing the applications of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor for the control of aphid pests, aiming at preserving the biocontrol services provided by H. axyridis throughout the integrated pest management approach.

scholarly journals Relationship between number of ovipositions of Cotesia flavipes (Cam.) and number of descendants emerged from its host Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meire N. Yamauchi ◽  
Nivar Gobbi ◽  
José Chaud-Netto ◽  
Ana E. Campos-Farinha
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Cotesia Flavipes ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Petri Dishes

Females of Cotesia flavipes (Cam.) were individually introduced into Petri dishes containing one larva of its host Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.). Each C. flavipes female was allowed to oviposit once or twice in the same larva. Time of emergence of larvae and adults, sex-ratio, number of non-viable larvae and pupae, and longevity of adults of C. flavipes were recorded. Data revealed that two successive ovipositions in the host did not affect sex-ratio, but increased number of parasitoids and number of non-viable larvae and pupae.

scholarly journals Wolbachia infection in Argentinean populations of Anastrepha fraterculus sp1: preliminary evidence of sex ratio distortion by one of two strains

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Conte ◽  
DF Segura ◽  
FH Milla ◽  
AA Augustinos ◽  
JL Cladera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Crossing Experiments ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Male Killing ◽  
Filarial Nematodes

ABSTRACTBackgroundWolbachia, one of the most abundant taxa of intracellular Alphaproteobacteria, is widespread among arthropods and filarial nematodes. The presence of these maternally inherited bacteria is associated with modifications of host fitness, including a variety of reproductive abnormalities, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, thelytokous parthenogenesis, host feminization and male-killing. Wolbachia has attracted much interest for its role in biological, ecological and evolutionary processes as well as for its potential use in novel and environmentally-friendly strategies for the control of insect pests and disease vectors including a major agricultural pest, the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae).ResultsWe used wsp, 16S rRNA and a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme including gatB, coxA, hcpA, fbpA, and ftsZ genes to detect and characterize the Wolbachia infection in laboratory strains and wild populations of A. fraterculus from Argentina. Wolbachia was found in all A. fraterculus individuals studied. Nucleotide sequences analysis of wsp gene allowed the identification of two Wolbachia nucleotide variants (named wAfraCast1_A and wAfraCast2_A). After the analysis of 76 individuals, a high prevalence of the wAfraCast2_A variant was found both, in laboratory (82%) and wild populations (95%). MLST analysis identified both Wolbachia genetic variants as sequence type 13. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated MLST datasets clustered wAfraCast1/2_A in the supergroup A. Paired-crossing experiments among single infected laboratory strains showed a phenotype specifically associated to wAfraCast1_A that includes slight detrimental effects on larval survival, a female-biased sex ratio; suggesting the induction of male-killing phenomena, and a decreased proportion of females producing descendants that appears attributable to the lack of sperm in their spermathecae.ConclusionsWe detected and characterized at the molecular level two wsp gene sequence variants of Wolbachia both in laboratory and wild populations of A. fraterculus sp.1 from Argentina. Crossing experiments on singly-infected A. fraterculus strains showed evidence of a male killing-like mechanism potentially associated to the wAfraCast1_A - A. fraterculus interactions. Further mating experiments including antibiotic treatments and the analysis of early and late immature stages of descendants will contribute to our understanding of the phenotypes elicited by the Wolbachia variant wAfraCast1_A in A. fraterculus sp.1.

scholarly journals Characterization of a newly established aggregation of the invasive ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis and current status of the invader in Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Pons ◽  
Meritxell Roca ◽  
Belén Lumbierres ◽  
Éric Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Overwintering Aggregation ◽  
North And South America ◽  
First Time ◽  
North And South

<p>The multicoloured Asian ladybeetle, <em>Harmonia </em><em>axyridis</em> (Pallas), an invasive biocontrol agent introduced in North and South America, as well as in Europe for aphid control, drastically affected assemblages of native coccinellid species, local communities and people. Although the insect is common in several European countries and it was released in Spain for aphid control in 1995, no evidence of population establishment has been reported until 2011. In the present paper, 1) we summarize the records of the invasive ladybeetle in Spain and provide numerous new mentions, and 2) we follow for the first time an overwintering aggregation from autumn to spring and characterize some individual features which allow us to determine its phenology of the establishment and spreading. The results establish clearly that: 1) <em>H. axyridis</em> is (until now) restricted to Catalonia (NE Spain) but the invading process is in progress and the insect is able to occupy different habitats; 2) the ladybeetle overwinters successfully in Spain without significant natural mortality or parasitism; 3) the form <em>succinea</em> represents 73-81% of the overwintering individuals, and 4) the invasion takes probably its origin from Southern France. The potential impact of the invasion by <em>H. axyridis</em> in Spain is discussed.</p>

scholarly journals The first registration of the wintering of invasive species of coccinellid Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) in the bee hives in Belarus

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Oksana Yu. Kruglova ◽  
Oleg V. Prischepchik
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis Pallas

The first registration in Belarus of an invasive species of coccinellid Harmonia axyridis wintering in bee hives in the Galik village (Drogichinsky district, Brest region) has been established. Some structural features of the obtained sample of H. axyridis are analyzed. The sex ratio is closed to the theoretically expected (1 : 1) – 50.5 % of females and 49.5 % of males. Three of the four main phenotypic color classes of elytra are distinguished in imago – succinea, conspicua and spectabilis. The succinea phenotype is dominated with a frequency of 95.78 %. The elite crest was absent in 10 % of specimens.

scholarly journals Bioassay, Laboratory Tests of Beauveria Bassiana, Bacillus Thuringiensis, and a Feeding Stimulant on Leafroller Larvae, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-349
Author(s):  
J. F. Brunner ◽  
M. D. Doerr ◽  
L. O. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Feeding Stimulant ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Leaf Disks

Abstract Beauveria bassiana (Naturalis-L), two B. thuringiensis products (Dipel and Troy Bt), and a feeding stimulant (Konsume) combined with a B. thuringiensis product were evaluated using a leaf-dip bioassay method for their effect on PLR and OBLR larvae. Treatments were prepared by diluting the appropriate amt of product (see table) in 500 ml water in a glass beaker. The Konsume treatments received a constant 1X rate of Dipel and 4X-0.25X rates of Konsume. A small amt (about 2 ml) of wetting agent, X-77®, was added to each treatment. An untreated control was prepared using water plus the wetting agent only. Untreated apple leaves were collected from ‘Red Delicious’ trees at the WSU Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. Leaves were dipped, then allowed to dry. Two punches (2.3 cm diameter) were taken from each leaf. Four punches were placed in a petri dish (Falcon 1006, 50 × 9 mm). Petri dishes were chosen randomly, and five 1- to 2-d-old leafroller larvae were placed on the leaf disks. The petri dish lid was put in place and dishes were placed inside a food storage container and kept at 75°F (± 2°F) constant temperature and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Petri dishes were examined after 7 d and larval survival recorded. Ten dishes were used for each treatment (50 larvae per treatment).

EFFECTS OF PARASITISM BY TOMICOBIA TIBIALIS ASHMEAD (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) ON REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF FEMALE PINE ENGRAVERS, IPS PINI (SAY)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Senger ◽  
Bernard D. Roitberg
Keyword(s):  
Power Analysis ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Ips Pini ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Tomicobia Tibialis ◽  
Healthy Females ◽  
Healthy Males

AbstractThe effects of Tomicobia tibialis Ashmead on the reproductive potential of adult Ips pini (Say) females were examined by comparing reproductive indices of parasitized and healthy females maintained in groups of three with healthy males. Parasitized females produced 50% fewer offspring than healthy females, and these offspring were distributed differently in the maternal gallery. Maternal gallery length and larval survival were not significantly different between the two groups, but a statistical power analysis (1 − β) shows this result to be equivocal. The potential to use T. tibialis as a biocontrol agent against I. pini is discussed.

scholarly journals Bioassay, Effect of Field-Aged Residue Degradation of Basillus Thuringiensis, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Brunner ◽  
M. D. Doerr ◽  
L. O. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Neonate Larvae

Abstract Using a leaf-disk bioassay, B. thuringiensis products were evaluated for residue effects on PLR and OBLR neonate larvae. The test was conducted in an apple orchard at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. The trees were 15-yr-old spur type ‘Red Delicious’ on dwarfing roots. The treatments were applied on 22 Sep at the recommended rate with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. Each treatment was replicated three times with one tree in each. Ten leaves were collected from the interior canopy of each tree at 1, 4, 6 and 8 DAT. Two punches (2.3 cm diameter) were taken from each leaf. Four punches were placed in a petri dish (Falcon 1006, 50 × 9 mm), keeping the leaves from each replication separate. Petri dishes were chosen randomly, and five 1- to 2-d-old leafroller larvae were placed on the leaves. Five petri dishes were prepared for each tree and each leafroller species (75 larvae per treatment). The petri dishes were placed inside a food storage container and kept at 20°C constant temperature and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Petri dishes were examined after 7 d and larval survival recorded.

A comparison of the juvenilizing effect of six juvenile hormone-like activity compounds on Egyptian Culex pipiens L.

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Kelada ◽  
I. A. Gaaboub ◽  
I. A. Rawash
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Gonotrophic Cycle ◽  
Juvenilizing Effect

SummaryTests were made to determine the juvenilizing effects of TH6040, JH-25, Altosid, Altozar, ZR-777 and ZR-619 on Culex pipiens L. using the IC50 value (dose to inhibit the emergence of 50% of adults) as a criterion. The descending order of activity was Altosid, TH6040, Altozar, ZR-777, JH-25 and ZR·619. Insignificant prolongations were recorded in the larval or pupal durations except in the case of TH6040 (Dimilin). The time lapse from larval treatment (early fourth instar) to adult emergence was prolonged by about 18·7% following treatment with 0·0001–0·1 μg/ml.Juvenilizing effects of the tested compounds applied to the early fourth instar extended to the adult stage of Culex pipiens L. and affected the duration of the first gonotrophic cycle. The concentrations of TH6040, JH-25, Altosid, Altozar, ZR-777 and ZR-619 tested caused prolongation of the time between emergence and first oviposition by about 20–50% (at 0·0001–0·1 μg/ml), 3–26% (at 0·001–5μg/ml), 0–15% (at 0·1 × 10-8–0·001 μg/ml), 3-–23% (at 0·1 × 10-8–0·001 μg/ml), 9–27% (at 0·1 × 10-7–0·01 μg/ml), and 11–32% (at 0·1 × 10-7–0·01 μg/ml), respectively.The results obtained indicated that the sex ratio of C. pipiensL. changed progressively in all treatments but with an inconsistent trend according to the concentration of each compound. This conclusion provides further evidence on the effect of juvenile hormone-like activity compounds on adults emerging from treated larvae. The numbers of females produced were increased by about 15–30%, 9–27%, 1–35%, 1–38%, 6–44% and 31–71% after treatment with 0·0001–0·1 μg TH6040, 0·001–5μg JH-25, 0·1x 10-8–0·001 μg Altosid, 0·1 x 10-8–0·001 μg Altozar, 0·1 x lO-7–O·Ol μg ZR-777 and 0·01 × 10-7–0·01 μg ZR-619‘sol;ml, respectively.

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