Characteristics of artificial forest belts invasion by Parectopa robiniella (Clemens, 1863) (Gracillariidae stainton, 1854) in Dnipropetrovsk oblast

We studied characteristics of invasion by Parectopa robiniella Clemens, 1863 the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia Linnaeus, 1753) plantations used for field protection and anti-erosion purposes on the example of an artificial forest belt in Mayorka village in Dnipropetrovsk district, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (Mykilsky Forestry of the Dnipro Forest Enterprise). Monitoring surveys were conducted during the growing seasons of 2014–2021. The invasion of field-protective forest belts does not appear evenly; we found that the tree age is the main factor in this process. Because black locust plantings occupy the most significant area among artificial field-protective plantings in Ukraine, we studied the characteristics of their invasion by the insect species. It was found that R. pseudoacacia manifests itself relatively actively in almost all natural zones in Ukraine, mainly due to its spread by root growth. The forest belt surveys allowed us to distinguish three age-related variants of R. pseudoacacia trees (initial trees planted in composition of a forest belt (50–70 years), sprouting trees (15–25 years), and young trees (up to 15 years)). Monitoring surveys have shown varying degrees of P. robiniella invasion of three age groups of trees. It was discovered that the invader mainly develops mines on the leaves of young trees (up to 15 years old). According to the results of calculating the average number of mines on a simple leaf, it turned out that P. robiniella most often formed the mine on the lower (near the petiole) leaf segment in all three age tree groups. Determination of the characteristics of the relative invasion of simple leaflets from the total number of damaged leaflets showed that the invasion of the leaf blade was highest within the location of the middle leaflets on Robinia complex leaf. Such characteristics of invasion can be explained by the different growth rates of R. pseudoacacia leaf blade and the quality characterization of leaf tissues. Thus, our survey confirmed the assumption of O. V. Sinchuk (2016) that the topical specificity of invasion derived from the peculiarities of divergent leaf development and acropetal leaf development of the feeding plant.

Clonal propagation of Chrysanthemum morifolium ramat using various explants obtained from field grown plants

A reliable and rapid large scale micropropagation method has been established from the node, shoots tip and leaf explant of Chrysanthemum morifolium growing in field condition. Experiments were conducted to standardize the culture media with plant hormone for multiple shoot proliferation and rooting for obtaining plantlets with uniform characteristics like mother plant in terms of growth and habits. Different concentrations and combinations of auxins (IAA) and cytokinins (BAP, Kin) were used in MS for the above purpose. Maximum shoot regeneration was found in MS treated with 2.0 mg/l BAP both in node and shoot tip explants. In the above combination, nodal explants produced 16 initial shoots. Shoot tip explants produced 12 shoots and leaf segment produced 07 shoots. For in vitro rooting, different concentrations of IBA and NAA were used. Higher rooting percentage was recorded on MS fortified with 1.5 mg/l IBA. The rooted plantlets were hardened and successfully established in the soil. About 90% of the regenerated plantlets survived in the natural environment.

Phenotypic traits variability of Grassy peony (Paeonia L.) with japanese flower shape as part of ornamental plants collection laboratory of MBG RAS

The results of studying the variability of a number of quantitative and qualitative characteristics in a model sample of varieties of herbaceous peony with a Japanese flower shape to identify genotypes that differ in variety-specific characteristics are presented. The investigated sample is formed on the basis of the collection of the genus Paeonia L. laboratory of ornamental plants MBG. In the course of the study, variety-specific characteristics were established for a number of cultivars. 2 short ('Bu-Te', 'West Elkton') and 3 tall ('Yellow King', 'Hit Parade', 'Lotus Queen') varieties were selected. 3 grades are marked — 'Mrs. Wilder Bankroft', Midnight Sun, 'Neon' — with consistently low absolute values of the peduncle diameter at the base. 2 large-flowered ('Gold Standard', 'Surprise') and 2 small-flowered ('Bu-Te', 'Gay Paree') cultivars were identified. It was found that the largest sizes of the staminodium zone are distinguished by 'Hit Parade' and 'John van Leeuwen'. The least common variations of the bush type (in the full flowering phase) were recorded in 4 varieties 'Rahoomon', 'Feather Top', 'Largo' (compact) and 'Mr. G.F. Hemerik' (spreading). There are 2 cultivars ('Isani Gidui', 'Fairy') with probably not typical for representatives of this garden group, the type of leaf shape — Paeonia mlokosewitschii. 8 varieties were identified ('Philomele', 'Fairy', 'Okinava', 'Mirage', as well as 'Isani Gidui','Yellow King','Bu-Te', 'Walter Mains'), characterized by relatively sparsely distributed morphological characteristics associated with the shape of the leaf segment. The variety 'Akron' with the original (for the sample under study) variant of stem pigmentation was selected.

INDUKSI KALUS EMBRIOGENIK DAN EMBRIO SOMATIK DARI EKSPLAN DAUN KULIM (Scorodacarpus borneensis Becc.)

Kulim is one of woody plant that have multifunction as wood source and for spice and medicinal. Generative propagation of this plant have trouble because seed use limited. The use of leaf segment through somatic embryogenesis to solve the problem. The objective of this study is to obtain the best treatment to embryogenic callus induction. The modification of basal medium of Murashige and Skoog was used as growth medium. The experiment was conducted in three stages are callus induction, embryogenic callus and somatic embryo induction. The treatment of 2,4-D (3,0 – 12 mg/l) used for callus induction. For embriogenic callus induction used 2,4-D (3,0 – 12,0 mg/l) combined with NAA 0,5 mg/l. The treatment of thidiazuron (0,1 – 0,7 mg/l) used for somatic embryo induction. The result showed that the treatment of 2,4-D 6,0 mg/l is the best for callus induction with compact of texture, green, dry and non embryogenic. The treatment of combination 2,4-D 12.0 mg/l with NAA 0.5 mg/l is the best for friable callus induction. The treatment of 2,4-D 6.0 mg/l combined with NAA 0,5 mg/l is the best for embryogenic callus induction with very friable of texture, easy to separate, dry, smooth and glossy. Thidiazuron of 0,1 mg/l treatment is the best for somatic embryos induction with the average number of 7,8 somatic embryos.

Direct plant regeneration through micropropagation using selected explants of sugarcane

The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna during the period from January 2009 to December 2009 to regenerate plants through micropropagation technique using selected explants of sugarcane. In this experiment shoot tip, leaf segment and leaf roll section explants of three sugarcane varieties (Isd 16, Isd 35 and Isd 36) were cultured on shoot inducing MS media with four combinations of NAA and Kn (NAA2.5Kn0.5, NAA5.0Kn0.5, NAA7.5Kn0.5 and NAA10.0Kn0.5 mg/l) to regenerate plants. The proliferated shoots were multiplied on liquid MS media with five combinations of BAP and Kn (BAP0.25Kn0.25, BAP0.5Kn0.25, BAP0.5Kn0.5, BAP1.0Kn0.5 and BAP1.0Kn1.0 mg/l) and further transferred to root inducing MS media fortified with six different concentrations of NAA (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 mg/l) for adventitious root formation to raise full-fledged plantlets. The leaf roll section explant of variety Isd 35 cultured on MS medium containing hormonal combination of 7.5 mg/l NAA + 0.5 mg/l Kn produced the highest percentage (83.33%) of shoot regeneration. The number of shoots per explant was also found highest (10.23) in the same explant of same variety with the same hormonal combination. The highest multiplication rate (4.64) was obtained from the liquid MS medium containing hormonal combination of 1.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l Kn in the variety Isd 35. The MS medium containing 5.0 mg/l NAA showed better performance for adventitious root induction to raise full-fledged plantlets in all the varieties within nine days of inoculation.

Blepharostoma trichophyllum S.L. (Marchantiophyta): The Complex of Sibling Species and Hybrids

Blepharostoma trichophyllum was found to be a species collectiva formed by several strongly genetically different species. The taxonomic diversity in the group is the possible result of radiation in early stages; then, these taxa likely survived for a long time in similar environmental conditions, which resulted in stasis. Presently, the existing taxa are similar one to another and may be morphologically distinguished with difficulties. The most taxonomically valuable morphological characteristics include oil bodies and cells in the leaf segment features. The most diverse genotypes (the vast majority of which are treated here as distinct species) were found in amphi-Pacific Asia, which may reflect the evolutionary history of the genus or may be the consequence of more profound sampling in the macro-region in comparison with other parts of the Holarctic.

Antimicrobial metabolite profiling of Nigrospora sphaerica from Adiantum philippense L.

Background Endophyte bestows beneficial aspects to its inhabiting host, along with a contribution to diverse structural attributes with biological potential. In this regard, antimicrobial profiling of fungal endophytes from medicinal plant Adiantum philippense revealed bioactive Nigrospora sphaerica from the leaf segment. Chemical and biological profiling through TLC–bioautography and hyphenated spectroscopic techniques confirmed the presence of phomalactone as an antimicrobial metabolite. Results The chemical investigation of the broth extract by bioassay-guided fractionation confirmed phomalactone as a bioactive antimicrobial secondary metabolite. The antimicrobial activity of phomalactone was found to be highest against Escherichia coli by disc diffusion assay. The MIC was found to be significant against both Escherichia coli and Xanthomonas campestris in the case of bacteria and dermatophyte Candida albicans at 150 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusions Overall, the results highlighted the antimicrobial potential of phomalactone from the endophyte Nigrospora sphaerica exhibiting a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against human and phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. This work is the first report regarding the antibacterial activity of phomalactone.

MORFOGENESIS DAN INDUKSI KALUS TIN (Ficus carica L.) PADA MEDIA MURASHIGE DAN SKOOG (MS) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BENZYLAMINOPURINE

Fig is one of the introduced fruit trees, which became popular in Indonesia. Its leave and fruit can be used as medicine and healthy food. The effect of different combination concentration of BAP (Benzylaminopurine) and 2,4-D (2,4-dicholophenoxy acetic acid) on callus induction from leaf segment of Ficus carica L. were studied. The effect of differrent combination of BAP and coconut water on morphogenesis of single node of Fig was also investigated. The study was arranged as factorial design in completely randomized design in two experiments with 5 repetitions for each treatment. The factors of experiment I were the concentration of BAP (0,1, and 2 mg/L) and the concentration of 2,4-D (0,1, and 2 mg/L). And the factors of experiment II were the concentration of BAP (1 and 2 mg/L) and the concentration of coconut water (100 and 150 mL/L). Each treatment consisted of 10 replicates (bottles). The result showed that MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplement with 100 mL/L coconut water, enhanced shoot development. MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 2 mg/L, enhanced callus induction of Ficus carica L. Keywords: 2,4-D, morphogenesis, BAP, callus, Ficus carica L.

New morphological and anatomical data on the genus Fuernrohria (Apiaceae)

In this study, morphological and anatomical data (including fruit micromorphological characters) of the genus Fuernrohria were studied and compared with the related genera Grammosciadium, Caropodium and Vinogradovia. The morphological description of Fuernrohria setifolia, which is the only known species in the genus, is expanded. Photos of inflorescences, infructescences and leaves of the species taken from the wild are provided. Leaf segment and mericarps are illustrated, and also the distribution area of the genus is mapped. Anatomical features of root, stem, leaf sheath, leaf segment and fruit are presented with photographs of cross sections for each of them. Vegetative anatomical characteristics of the species and micromorphological description of fruit are given and exhibited for the first time in the present study. The results show that two important diagnostic characters for Fuernrohria are determined for the first time as “shape and size of commissural vittae in mericarps” and “number of vascular bundles in leaf cross section”.

Effect of Leaf Segments and Potting Media on Plant Performance of Sansevieria trifasciata Hort. ex Prain Grown under Ex vitro Conditions

The present study was conducted to investigate the vegetative propagation of Sansevieria trifasciata under ex vitro conditions. The experiment was conducted at the net house to select the best leaf segment among apical, middle and bottom portions of leaves and also to evaluate their performance in different potting media. Leaf segments were taken from apical, middle and bottom portions and planted in soil: compost at 1:0, soil: compost at 1:1 and soil: compost at 1:2 ratios. After 90 days, number of shoots per cutting (>1cm), number of shoot buds (