Platelet Monoamine Oxidase in Schizophrenia and Manic-Depressive Illness

1976 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Belmaker ◽  
Kirsten Ebbesen ◽  
Richard Ebstein ◽  
Ranan Rimon
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Platelet Mao ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Mao Activity ◽  
Depressive Patients

SummaryMonoamine oxidase (MAO) is an important enzyme in the catabolism of brain biogenic amines. Platelet MAO has been reported to be moderately reduced in manic-depressive patients and markedly reduced in schizophrenic patients. This enzyme's activity has been shown to be under a large degree of genetic control and has been proposed as a ‘genetic marker’ in schizophrenia. A transcultural replication of the finding of low platelet MAO in schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness was carried out at the Jerusalem Mental Health Centre. Manic-depressive patients were found to have higher platelet MAO activity than schizophrenic patients, as reported previously, but control individuals were as low as the schizophrenic patients. It is unlikely that platelet MAO activity is a transculturally-valid marker for schizophrenia.

Prediction of clinical course of bipolar manic depressive illness treated with lithium

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Johnston ◽  
G. J. Naylor ◽  
E. G. Dick ◽  
S. E. Hopwood ◽  
D. A. T. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Lithium Concentration ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Depressive Patients

SYNOPSISA group of bipolar manic depressive patients attending a routine lithium clinic were investigated. The results suggest that, when on treatment with lithium, manic depressive patients with a good prognosis tend to have a higher erythrocyte Na-K ATPase and higher plasma and erythrocyte lithium concentrations than those with a poor prognosis. There was no evidence to suggest that the erythrocyte: plasma lithium ratio was useful in predicting clinical response to lithium therapy. There was also a positive correlation between plasma lithium concentration and Na–K ATPase activity, confirming that in manic depressive subjects lithium produces a rise in erythrocyte Na–K ATPase activity.

PLATELET-MONOAMINE-OXIDASE ACTIVITY PREDICTS RESPONSE TO LITHIUM IN MANIC-DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS

The Lancet ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 310 (8052) ◽  
pp. 1325-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
JohnL. Sullivan ◽  
Allan Maltbie ◽  
JesseO. Cavenar ◽  
Charles Stanfield
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Activity ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Platelet Monoamine Oxidase

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity and life stress as predictors of psychopathology and coping in a community sample

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Boyd Irving ◽  
Robert D. Coursey ◽  
Monte S. Buchsbaum ◽  
Dennis L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Platelet Mao ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Monoamine Oxidase

SynopsisThe present study, using a diathesis-stress model, attempted to confirm prior findings with platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and stress in a middle-aged, non-clinic population. One hundred and seventy-eight adult males from a statewide community club were tested for platelet MAO activity and stressful life events and were also given a variety of psychological measures of both psychopathology and psychosocial coping. The data were examined both for correlations across the total sample and for a comparison of high-risk groups (top and bottom 15% of MAO activity) with a middle MAO group. Low platelet MAO activity was related to a higher incidence of contact with mental health professionals, and more frequent use of alcohol and cigarette smoking. High MAO activity was related to higher levels of anxiety and somatization. High levels of stress were related to increased psychosocial problems reported for female and family members, higher scores on two schizophrenia-related MMPI scales (schizophrenia and paranoia subscales), but fewer idiosyncratic associations, elevated hypomanic, depression, and anxiety scores, increased alcohol use, and increased use of prescribed antianxiety and sedative medication. Neither MAO nor stress were related to current levels of psychosocial coping. Moreover, no interaction effects were uncovered for MAO activity and stress combined.

Trace Metals in Neuropsychiatry

1983 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Crammer
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Living Tissues

Naylor's recent hypothesis that vanadium ‘poisoning’ could be a factor in the severity of manic-depressive illness drew attention to the normal and even essential presence of vanadium in the diet, and in human living tissues. The whole brain may contain only about 45 micrograms of vanadium (Underwood, 1977; 1979), as against 500 micrograms of manganese, 130 μgm selenium, and less than 20 μgm molybdenum—others of the 12 or so essential metals required in traces. We might take copper as the principle trace metal—an important component of over 50 enzymes, including monoamine oxidase and dopamine β-hydroxylase—with a total in the whole man of about 100 mg. In contrast, metals like potassium (140 gm), magnesium (35 gm), iron and zinc (3–4 gm) are not present in traces but in gram quantities. Lithium, present naturally in the body in extremely minute amounts, is raised in therapy to occupy a borderline position in the scale, rather more than copper, less than zinc.

Did Manic–Depressive Patients Who Committed Suicide Receive Prophylactic or Continuation Treatment at the Time?

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schou ◽  
A. Weeke
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Ongoing Treatment ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Continuation Treatment ◽  
Adequate Dosage ◽  
Depressive Patients

Ninety-two Danish manic–depressive patients with a first psychiatric admission between 1969 and 1983, who committed suicide before 1 July 1986, were considered. Information on any prophylactic or continuation treatment at the time of the suicide was obtained. In 64 of the patients, every precaution seems to have been taken: 28 patients committed suicide during ongoing treatment; 10 while not receiving prophylactic treatment (not indicated); 7 while not in prophylactic treatment because the patients refused or did not tolerate such; and 19 while in prophylactic treatment with antidepressants (10), or lithium (6), or both (3), in usually adequate dosage. In 28 of the patients, suicide might have been obviated. Guidelines for improvement of suicide prevention in manic–depressive illness are presented.

Monoamine oxidase: associations with alcohol dependence, smoking and other measures of psychopathology

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. WHITFIELD ◽  
D. PANG ◽  
K. K. BUCHOLZ ◽  
P. A. F. MADDEN ◽  
A. C. HEATH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Platelet Mao ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Mao Activity ◽  
The Difference

Background. Many reports have appeared on associations between platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and susceptibility to psychiatric conditions; principally alcohol dependence but also conduct disorder, other drug use and depression. Recently, it has become apparent that MAO activity is inhibited by some component of cigarette smoke, and smokers have low platelet MAO activity. Since the prevalence of smoking is higher in many of the conditions in which MAO has been implicated, the MAO susceptibility associations may be partly, or entirely, false.Methods. We have measured platelet MAO in 1551 subjects, recruited from the Australian NHMRC Twin Registry, who have provided information on alcohol use and dependence, smoking, conduct disorder, depression, attempted suicide, panic disorder and social phobia.Results. Current smoking reduced platelet MAO activity in a significant and dose-related manner, with no evidence of lower MAO in ex-smokers or in non-smoking subjects with co-twins who smoked. Alcohol use and lifetime DSM-III-R alcohol dependence history were not associated with MAO activity when smoking was taken into account. Depression, panic disorder and social phobia showed no significant associations with platelet MAO activity. Subjects with a history of serious attempts at suicide had low platelet MAO activity; but although the difference from controls was as great as the reduction associated with smoking it was not significant after correction for smoking effects.Conclusions. Although synaptic MAO activity undoubtedly plays a role in psychopathology, the concept that platelet MAO activity is a direct genetic marker of vulnerability to alcohol dependence cannot be sustained.

Kinetics and Thermolability of Platelet Monoamine Oxidase in Cluster Headache and Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Waldenlind ◽  
Jan Sääf ◽  
Karl Ekbom ◽  
Svante Ross ◽  
Lars-Olof Wahlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enzyme Properties ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Platelet Mao ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
C 30

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity (MAO) from 33 cluster headache patients (17 males, 16 females) and 34 migraine patients (16 males, 18 females) was assayed. The kinetic constants (apparent V max and apparent K m ) and the thermolability, measured as the ratio of the platelet MAO activity after and before heat treatment (+52°C, 30 min), were determined. The MAO activity and V max values were significantly lower in cluster headache than in migraine and in both headache disorders compared to a control group (62 males, 66 females). When comparing all groups, K m was not significantly different except for migraine females, who had lower K m values compared to control females. Thermolability was significantly higher in cluster headache than in migraine and in both headache disorders compared to the control group. Smokers of five cigarettes or more per day had significantly lower Vmax values but similar K m and thermolability values compared to those smoking less or nothing. The findings of low maximal velocities and high thermolability of platelet MAO in cluster headache and migraine are suggested to represent constitutionally different enzyme properties.

Genetics of Platelet MAO Activity in Discordant Schizophrenic and Normal Twins

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Reveley ◽  
Adrianne M. Reveley ◽  
Christine A. Clifford ◽  
Robin M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Platelet Mao ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mz Twins ◽  
Age And Sex

SummaryPlatelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was compared in four age and sex-matched groups: monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for schizophrenia, normal MZ twins, normal dizygotic (DZ) twins and unrelated individuals. Among the twin groups, schizophrenic and normal, there was a remarkably consistent degree of genetic control amounting to 70–80 per cent of the variation in activity. The mean platelet MAO activity of the schizophrenic twins was significantly lower than that of controls, but not than that of their psychiatrically well, neuroleptic-free cotwins; indeed the correlation for the MZ twins discordant for schizophrenia was almost exactly the same as that for the normal MZs. Thus, lower platelet MAO activity in schizophrenia, where it is found, is genetically modulated and not the result of the illness or its treatment.

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