A Single Photon Emission Computerised Tomography Study of Regional Brain Function in Elderly Patients with Major Depression and with Alzheimer-Type Dementia

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Curran ◽  
C. M. Murray ◽  
M. Van Beck ◽  
N. Dougall ◽  
R. E. O'Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Alzheimer Type Dementia

The uptake, at rest, of 99mTc-exametazime into different brain regions was compared using SPECT for 20 elderly subjects with major depressive disorder, 20 with Alzheimer-type dementia, and 30 age-matched normal volunteers. Uptake was referred to calcarine-occipital cortex as a reference sensory area. Cross-sectional differences between the three groups were highly statistically significant, but reflected primarily the reductions in cortical uptake in the Alzheimer group. A detailed comparison of depressed patients and controls identified decrements in anterior cingulate, temporal and frontal cortex and in caudate and thalamus in men only. These decrements were correlated with impairment of performance on a trail-making task, but were also associated with continuing treatment with antidepressants or benzodiazepines. However, most depressed patients had quantitatively normal scans for posterior parietal association cortex, and this suggests that SPECT may find a limited role in the differential diagnosis of depression and dementia. The reduced brain function in some depressed patients may parallel the findings from studies of brain structure in elderly depressives; there was a weak association between good outcome at 6–18 months and increased tracer uptake in subcortical areas.

A Single Photon Emission Computerised Tomography Study of Regional Brain Function Underlying Verbal Memory in Patients with Alzheimer-Type Dementia

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Riddle ◽  
R. E. O'Carroll ◽  
N. Dougall ◽  
M. Van Beck ◽  
C. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Alzheimer Type Dementia

Ten patients with Alzheimer-type dementia and nine age-matched normal controls were examined with SPECT, using split-dose 99mTc-labelled exametazime. The baseline condition involved repetition of the word ‘yes' or ‘no’. The activation condition involved recognition (indicated by a ‘yes' or ‘no’) of words from a previously learned list presented along with distractor words. Patients who performed this task successfully were selected, and efforts were made to match the patients with controls according to their performance on the task, although this was not fully achieved. Uptake of 99mTc-exametazime was estimated at baseline and during the word-recognition task for predetermined regions of interest drawn from a standard neuroanatomical atlas. The baseline task appeared to normalise tracer uptake for frontal, temporal and parietal cortex in the patient group. However, during the recognition task, controls but not patients showed activation effects. These were most prominent in dorsolateral frontal cortex and adjacent anterior cingulate cortex. Among patients, successful performance was correlated with activation of dorsolateral frontal and parietal cortex on the left side. The results confirm the central role of frontal mechanisms in a recognition memory task. The study highlights some of the difficulties of using cognitive challenge tests in clinical groups.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Single Photon Emission CT in Alzheimer-Type Dementia.

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Hanyu ◽  
Shinei Abe ◽  
Hisayuki Arai ◽  
Tetsuichi Asano ◽  
Toshihiko Iwamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Alzheimer Type Dementia ◽  
Single Photon Emission Ct

Uptake of 99mTc-exametazime shown by single photon emission computed tomography before and after lithium withdrawal in bipolar patients: Associations with mania

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy M. Goodwin ◽  
Jonathan T. O. Cavanagh ◽  
M. F. Glabus ◽  
R. F. Kehoe ◽  
R. E. O'Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lithium Withdrawal

BackgroundEarly manic relapse following lithium discontinuation offers an important opportunity to investigate the relationship between symptoms, effects of treatment and regional brain activation in bipolar affective disorder.MethodFourteen stable bipolar patients on lithium were examined with neuropsychological measures, clinical ratings and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after acute double-blind withdrawal of lithium. Brain perfusion maps were spatially transformed into standard stereotactic space and compared pixel-by-pixel. A parametric analysis was used to examine the change in brain perfusion on lithium withdrawal, and the relationship between symptom severity and brain perfusion separately both between and within subjects.ResultsLithium withdrawal was associated with an important redistribution of brain perfusion, with increases in inferior posterior regions and decreases in limbic areas, particularly anterior cingulate cortex. Seven of the 14 patients developed manic symptoms during the placebo phase, correlating with relative increases in perfusion of superior anterior cingulate and possibly left orbito-frontal cortex.ConclusionsThe important effect of lithium withdrawal on brain perfusion implies that after withdrawal of lithium, the brain develops an abnormal state of activity in limbic cortex. The structures involved did not co-localise with those apparently modulated by manic symptoms.

Reduced in vivo binding to the serotonin transporter in the cerebral cortex of MDMA (‘ecstasy’) users

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Semple ◽  
Klaus P. Ebmeier ◽  
Michael F. Glabus ◽  
Ronan E. O'Carroll ◽  
Eve C. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lenticular Nuclei

BackgroundThe use of MDMA (‘ecstasy’) is common among young people in Western countries. Animal models of MDMA toxicity suggest a loss of serotonergic neurons, and potentially implicate it in the development of significant psychiatric morbidity in humans.AimsTo test whether long-term use of MDMA can produce abnormalities in cerebral serotonin, but not dopamine, transporter binding measured by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)MethodTen male regular ecstasy users and 10 well-matched controls recruited from the same community sources participated in SPECT with the serotonin transporter (SEPT) ligand [123I]-CIT. Dopamine transporter binding was determined from scans acquired 23 hours after injection of the tracer.ResultsEcstasy users showed a cortical reduction of SERT binding, particularly prominent in primary sensory-motor cortex, with normal dopamine transporter binding in lenticular nuclei.ConclusionsThis cross-sectional association study provides suggestive evidence for specific, at least temporary, serotonergic neurotoxicity of MDMA in humans.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy as Diagnostic Tests to Differentiate Tumour Progression versus Post-Treatment Changes in Adult Gliomas and Their Correlation with Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography - A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Pune, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 1311-1318
Author(s):  
Ashima Chander ◽  
Peeyush Dhagat ◽  
Debraj Sen ◽  
Harkirat Singh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Post Therapy

BACKGROUND The differentiation of tumour progression from treatment-induced changes is critical in evaluating response to therapy among patients with gliomas. Although conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is invaluable in the overall assessment of such lesions, it is often difficult to differentiate between these two entities. We wanted to evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced MRI (CE MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and correlation with 99 m Tc Sestamibi single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) in differentiating tumour progression from post-therapy changes in patients with glioma. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Being a rare disease, all adult patients (25 in number) with brain glioma reporting to the hospital for over a period of 12 months were included in the study. CE MRI, MRS and SPECT were performed at three months, six months and 12 months’ post-surgery and radiotherapy. The ratios for choline (Cho) / N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and choline (Cho) creatine (Cr) were obtained from the areas suspicious for tumour progression on CE MRI and were correlated with the presence or absence of uptake on SPECT. These findings were correlated with the patients’ clinical course and tumour histopathology. RESULTS Both choline (Cho) / N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and choline (Cho) / creatine (Cr) ratios had high detection rates for tumour progression when cut-off values of > 1.75 were used. For the Cho / NAA ratio, the sensitivity and specificity were 93.7 % and 100 %, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for the Cho / Cr ratio were 81.3 % and 88.9 %, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of 99 m Tc Sestamibi SPECT were 87.5 % and 100 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS MRS and SPECT have high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing tumour progression and must be used in conjunction with conventional CE MRI in the posttherapy setting. KEYWORDS Glioma, Progression, Post-Therapy Changes, MRI, MRS, SPECT

Assessment of Regional Myocardial Uptake and Metabolism of ω-(p-123I-Phenyl) Pentadecanoic Acid with Serial Single-Photon Emission Tomography

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 249-253. ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Biersack ◽  
K. Lackner ◽  
H.-J. Machulla ◽  
R. Kiiopp ◽  
N. Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Myocardial Imaging ◽  
Myocardial Uptake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ffa Metabolism ◽  
Clear Delineation ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism

The utility of myocardial imaging and assessment of regional myocardial metabolism of ω-(123I-paraphenyl-)pen-tadecanoic acid (I-PPA) by means of serial single-photon tomography is demonstrated in animal experiments. High quality cross sectional images of dog hearts with clear delineation of left ventricular walls are obtained. Myocardial infarcts are visualized as areas of deficient radioactivity uptake. I-PPA elimination from non-infarcted myocardial regions is significantly (p < 0.001) prolonged when compared with unaffected controls. Hence, not only localized absence of uptake of free fatty acid by infarcted myocardium can be demonstrated with serial single-photon tomography but also general impairment of cardiac FFA-metabolism.

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