A Single Photon Emission Computerised Tomography Study of Regional Brain Function Underlying Verbal Memory in Patients with Alzheimer-Type Dementia

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Riddle ◽  
R. E. O'Carroll ◽  
N. Dougall ◽  
M. Van Beck ◽  
C. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Alzheimer Type Dementia

Ten patients with Alzheimer-type dementia and nine age-matched normal controls were examined with SPECT, using split-dose 99mTc-labelled exametazime. The baseline condition involved repetition of the word ‘yes' or ‘no’. The activation condition involved recognition (indicated by a ‘yes' or ‘no’) of words from a previously learned list presented along with distractor words. Patients who performed this task successfully were selected, and efforts were made to match the patients with controls according to their performance on the task, although this was not fully achieved. Uptake of 99mTc-exametazime was estimated at baseline and during the word-recognition task for predetermined regions of interest drawn from a standard neuroanatomical atlas. The baseline task appeared to normalise tracer uptake for frontal, temporal and parietal cortex in the patient group. However, during the recognition task, controls but not patients showed activation effects. These were most prominent in dorsolateral frontal cortex and adjacent anterior cingulate cortex. Among patients, successful performance was correlated with activation of dorsolateral frontal and parietal cortex on the left side. The results confirm the central role of frontal mechanisms in a recognition memory task. The study highlights some of the difficulties of using cognitive challenge tests in clinical groups.

A Single Photon Emission Computerised Tomography Study of Regional Brain Function in Elderly Patients with Major Depression and with Alzheimer-Type Dementia

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Curran ◽  
C. M. Murray ◽  
M. Van Beck ◽  
N. Dougall ◽  
R. E. O'Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Alzheimer Type Dementia

The uptake, at rest, of 99mTc-exametazime into different brain regions was compared using SPECT for 20 elderly subjects with major depressive disorder, 20 with Alzheimer-type dementia, and 30 age-matched normal volunteers. Uptake was referred to calcarine-occipital cortex as a reference sensory area. Cross-sectional differences between the three groups were highly statistically significant, but reflected primarily the reductions in cortical uptake in the Alzheimer group. A detailed comparison of depressed patients and controls identified decrements in anterior cingulate, temporal and frontal cortex and in caudate and thalamus in men only. These decrements were correlated with impairment of performance on a trail-making task, but were also associated with continuing treatment with antidepressants or benzodiazepines. However, most depressed patients had quantitatively normal scans for posterior parietal association cortex, and this suggests that SPECT may find a limited role in the differential diagnosis of depression and dementia. The reduced brain function in some depressed patients may parallel the findings from studies of brain structure in elderly depressives; there was a weak association between good outcome at 6–18 months and increased tracer uptake in subcortical areas.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Single Photon Emission CT in Alzheimer-Type Dementia.

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Hanyu ◽  
Shinei Abe ◽  
Hisayuki Arai ◽  
Tetsuichi Asano ◽  
Toshihiko Iwamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Alzheimer Type Dementia ◽  
Single Photon Emission Ct

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in schizophrenia during verbal memory activation: a 99mTc-HMPAO single photon emission tomography (SPET) study

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Busatto ◽  
D. C. Costa ◽  
P. J. Ell ◽  
L. S. Pilowsky ◽  
A. S. David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Photon Emission Tomography

SynopsisRegional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was investigated in a group of medicated DSM-III-R schizophrenic patients and age, sex and handedness matched normal volunteers using a split-dose 99mTc-HMPAO Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPET) protocol. Measures were taken during the performance of a verbal memory task aimed at activating the left medial temporal lobe, a region repeatedly suggested to be structurally abnormal in schizophrenia. In normal subjects, the performance of the task was associated with significant rCBF increases in the left medial temporal, left inferior frontal and anterior cingulate cortices, and right cerebellum. Despite their significantly poorer performance on the memory task, the degree of medial temporal activation measured in the schizophrenic patients was not significantly different from that found in the control group. This finding suggests that memory deficits in schizophrenia do not necessarily imply failure to activate the left medial temporal lobe as assessed by 99mTc-HMPAO SPET.

Computerized Tomography (CT) Updates and Challenges in Diagnosis of Bone Metastases During Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-571
Author(s):  
Jinguo Zhang ◽  
Guanzhong Zhai ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Zhenhe Liu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Pet Ct

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. This cancer is often associated with indolent tumors with little or no lethal potential. Some of the patients with aggressive prostate cancer have increased morbidity and early deaths. A major complication in advanced prostate cancer is bone metastasis that mainly results in pain, pathological fractures, and compression of spinal nerves. These complications in turn cause severe pain radiating to the extremities and possibly sensory as well as motor disturbances. Further, in patients with a high risk of metastases, treatment is limited to palliative therapies. Therefore, accurate methods for the detection of bone metastases are essential. Technical advances such as single-photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography (SPECT/CT) have emerged after the introduction of bone scans. These advanced methods allow tomographic image acquisition and help in attenuation correction with anatomical co-localization. The use of positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) scanners is also on the rise. These PET scanners are mainly utilized with 18F-sodium-fluoride (NaF), in order to visualize the skeleton and possible changes. Moreover, NaF PET/CT is associated with higher tracer uptake, increased target-to-background ratio and has a higher spatial resolution. However, these newer technologies have not been adopted in clinical guidelines due to lack of definite evidence in support of their use in bone metastases cases. The present review article is focused on current perspectives and challenges of computerized tomography (CT) applications in cases of bone metastases during prostate cancer.

scholarly journals NOGA-Guided Analysis of Regional Myocardial Perfusion Abnormalities Treated With Intramyocardial Injections of Plasmid Encoding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A-165 in Patients With Chronic Myocardial Ischemia

Circulation ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 112 (9_supplement) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann Gyöngyösi ◽  
Aliasghar Khorsand ◽  
Sholeh Zamini ◽  
Wolfgang Sperker ◽  
Christoph Strehblow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Perfusion Defect ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Background— The aim of this substudy of the EUROINJECT-ONE double-blind randomized trial was to analyze changes in myocardial perfusion in NOGA-defined regions with intramyocardial injections of plasmid encoding plasmid human (ph)VEGF-A 165 using an elaborated transformation algorithm. Methods and Results— After randomization, 80 no-option patients received either active, phVEGF-A 165 (n=40), or placebo plasmid (n=40) percutaneously via NOGA-Myostar injections. The injected area (region of interest, ROI) was delineated as a best polygon by connecting of the injection points marked on NOGA polar maps. The ROI was projected onto the baseline and follow-up rest and stress polar maps of the 99m-Tc-sestamibi/tetrofosmin single-photon emission computed tomography scintigraphy calculating the extent and severity (expressed as the mean normalized tracer uptake) of the ROI automatically. The extents of the ROI were similar in the VEGF and placebo groups (19.4±4.2% versus 21.5±5.4% of entire myocardium). No differences were found between VEGF and placebo groups at baseline with regard to the perfusion defect severity (rest: 69±11.7% versus 68.7±13.3%; stress: 63±13.3% versus 62.6±13.6%; and reversibility: 6.0±7.7% versus 6.7±9.0%). At follow-up, a trend toward improvement in perfusion defect severity at stress was observed in VEGF group as compared with placebo (68.5±11.9% versus 62.5±13.5%, P =0.072) without reaching normal values. The reversibility of the ROI decreased significantly at follow-up in VEGF group as compared with the placebo group (1.2±9.0% versus 7.1±9.0%, P =0.016). Twenty-one patients in VEGF and 8 patients in placebo group ( P <0.01) exhibited an improvement in tracer uptake during stress, defined as a ≥5% increase in the normalized tracer uptake of the ROI. Conclusions— Projection of the NOGA-guided injection area onto the single-photon emission computed tomography polar maps permits quantitative evaluation of myocardial perfusion in regions treated with angiogenic substances. Injections of phVEGF A 165 plasmid improve, but do not normalize, the stress-induced perfusion abnormalities.

Uptake of 99mTc-exametazime shown by single photon emission computed tomography before and after lithium withdrawal in bipolar patients: Associations with mania

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy M. Goodwin ◽  
Jonathan T. O. Cavanagh ◽  
M. F. Glabus ◽  
R. F. Kehoe ◽  
R. E. O'Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lithium Withdrawal

BackgroundEarly manic relapse following lithium discontinuation offers an important opportunity to investigate the relationship between symptoms, effects of treatment and regional brain activation in bipolar affective disorder.MethodFourteen stable bipolar patients on lithium were examined with neuropsychological measures, clinical ratings and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after acute double-blind withdrawal of lithium. Brain perfusion maps were spatially transformed into standard stereotactic space and compared pixel-by-pixel. A parametric analysis was used to examine the change in brain perfusion on lithium withdrawal, and the relationship between symptom severity and brain perfusion separately both between and within subjects.ResultsLithium withdrawal was associated with an important redistribution of brain perfusion, with increases in inferior posterior regions and decreases in limbic areas, particularly anterior cingulate cortex. Seven of the 14 patients developed manic symptoms during the placebo phase, correlating with relative increases in perfusion of superior anterior cingulate and possibly left orbito-frontal cortex.ConclusionsThe important effect of lithium withdrawal on brain perfusion implies that after withdrawal of lithium, the brain develops an abnormal state of activity in limbic cortex. The structures involved did not co-localise with those apparently modulated by manic symptoms.

scholarly journals Beyond the bones and joints: a review of ligamentous injuries of the foot and ankle on 99mTc-MDP-SPECT/CT

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1104) ◽  
pp. 20190506
Author(s):  
Ramin Mandegaran ◽  
Sukhvinder Dhillon ◽  
Ho Jen
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Articular Pathology ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

99mTc-MDP-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT has established itself as a useful modality in the assessment of the painful foot and ankle, owing to its ability to depict anatomical and functional information simultaneously. Despite its growing popularity, much of the literature describing the utility of 99mTc-MDP-SPECT/CT of the foot and ankle is limited to osseous and articular pathology, with descriptions of ligamentous pathology limited to just a handful of cases. Though assessment of soft tissues using a combination of bone tracer and CT is limited, with a sound understanding of the regional anatomy, it is certainly within the scope of 99mTc-MDP-SPECT/CT to accurately identify ligamentous injuries based on focal tracer uptake patterns and suspected ligamentous injuries should be reported as such. This article provides a case-based pictorial review of the 99mTc-MDP-SPECT/CT appearances of the various ligamentous injuries of the foot and ankle with case examples and MRI correlation where available, most of which have yet to be described. The typical patterns of bone tracer uptake and associated CT abnormalities that may be observed are discussed.

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