Culture and Schizophrenia: the DOSMD Challenge

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Edgerton ◽  
Alex Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Severe Mental Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
Developing Societies

The World Health Organization's International Pilot Study on Schizophrenia (IPSS) and subsequent Determinants of Outcomes of Severe Mental Disorder (DOSMD) studies have reported that the course of schizophrenia is more favourable in ‘developing’ than ‘developed’ societies. The 1992 DOSMD study attributes this difference to culture. We review studies concerning the course of schizophrenia and conclude that the evidence for a more favourable course in developing societies is not conclusive. Indeed, a favourable course has also been reported in various industrialised societies. We also raise questions about the findings reported in the recent DOSMD study, including the conclusion that the putatively more favourable course is a product of culture. Finally, we argue that longitudinal, direct observation of patients in their natural environments must be carried out before variations in the course of schizophrenia can be adequately understood.

scholarly journals Mental health profile of Ghana

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Asare
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
African State ◽  
West African ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Severe Mental Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
West African State ◽  
Health Organization

Ghana is a West African state that attained independence from Great Britain in 1957 and became a republican state in 1960. Its population is about 22 million (2004 estimate), distributed in ten regions. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 650000 of the population are suffering from severe mental disorder and 2166000 are suffering from moderate to mild mental disorder (see www.who.int/mental_health/policy/country/ghana/en).

scholarly journals Economic burden of silent mental disorders: a case study of agnosia in schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Chattu ◽  
Paula Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
The World

Mental health problems affect society as a whole, and not just a small, isolated segment. In developed countries with well-organized healthcare systems, between 44% and 70% of patients with mental disorders do not receive treatment whereas in developing countries the treatment gap being close to 90%. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting more than 21 million people worldwide. People with schizophrenia are 2-2.5 times more likely to die early than the general population. The case study highlights about agnosia in a schizophrenic patient in a primary care setting and how to address the management at a broader perspective using the appropriate antipsychotic medication and ensuring the support from a family without violating the human rights of the patient. The World Economic Forum estimated that the cumulative global impact of mental disorders in terms of lost economic output will amount to US$ 16 trillion over the next 20 years, equivalent to more than 1% of the global gross domestic product. Mental health should be a concern for all of us, rather than only for those who suffer from a mental disorder. The mental health action plan 2013-2020, endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2013, highlights the steps required to provide appropriate services for people with mental disorders including schizophrenia. A key recommendation of the action plan is to shift services from institutions to the community. Mental health must be considered a focus of renewed investment not just in terms of human development and dignity but also in terms of social and economic development.

scholarly journals Proportion of patients without mental disorders being treated in mental health services worldwide

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Bruffaerts ◽  
Jose Posada-Villa ◽  
Ali Obaid Al-Hamzawi ◽  
Oye Gureje ◽  
Yueqin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundPrevious research suggests that many people receiving mental health treatment do not meet criteria for a mental disorder but are rather ‘the worried well’.AimsTo examine the association of past-year mental health treatment with DSM-IV disorders.MethodThe World Health Organization's World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys interviewed community samples of adults in 23 countries (n = 62 305) about DSM-IV disorders and treatment in the past 12 months for problems with emotions, alcohol or drugs.ResultsRoughly half (52%) of people who received treatment met criteria for a past-year DSM-IV disorder, an additional 18% for a lifetime disorder and an additional 13% for other indicators of need (multiple subthreshold disorders, recent stressors or suicidal behaviours). Dose–response associations were found between number of indicators of need and treatment.ConclusionsThe vast majority of treatment in the WMH countries goes to patients with mental disorders or other problems expected to benefit from treatment.

A Comparison of Australian Men with Psychotic Disorders Remanded for Criminal Offences and a Community Group of Psychotic Men who have not Offended

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul White ◽  
David Chant ◽  
Harvey Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pathways To Care ◽  
Severe Mental Disorder ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Prison Studies

Background: People remanded into custody by the courts have a substantially higher rate of severe mental disorder than other prisoners and the general population. Knowledge of their prevalence, needs and characteristics and an analysis of pathways to care may be necessary to provide mental health care effectively and efficiently. Previous prison studies focusing on psychotic offenders have suffered from the use of instruments not validated in a forensic setting and lack of a relevant comparison group. Method: The Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis (DP) is a composite semi-structured standardized interview schedule. It combines social and demographic descriptors with measures of functioning adapted from the World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS). The remand centre surveyed had 466 cells and is the main remand and reception centre for males for the southern region of the state of Queensland, Australia. Of the 621 men screened, 65 answered yes to at least one question in the DP and were interviewed. Results: Six hundred and twenty-one remandees were screened and of these 61 were interviewed as screened positive for psychotic disorder. Thirty-five per cent had been homeless for an average of 32 weeks during the previous year. Most had had little contact with families or close friends. Eighty-one per cent were receiving no treatment at the time of offence. Seventy-eight per cent were unemployed and in receipt of a pension. Eighty per cent were dependent on alcohol, cannabis or amphetamines. Statistical issues of power are detailed in the text. Conclusions: The simplistic ‘prison, hospital or community treatment’ debate is misleading. Instead, the development of flexible preventative, management and accommodation services for people with severe mental disorder who have committed offences is a priority.

scholarly journals Special Issue: Diagnosis and Management of Addiction and Other Mental Disorders (Dual Disorders)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Ana Adan ◽  
Marta Torrens
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
World Health ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Dual Disorders ◽  
The World ◽  
Dual Disorder ◽  
Health Organization

The term “dual disorder” (DD) refers to the coexistence or concurrence of at least one substance use disorder (SUD) and another mental disorder in the same person, as the World Health Organization established in its lexicon of alcohol and drug terms [...]

Integrating Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Quality Checks into the World Health Organization's Safe Surgery Checklist: A Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 491-498.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Wong ◽  
William R.G. Perry ◽  
Yelena Greenberg ◽  
Allen L. Ho ◽  
Stuart R. Lipsitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Safe Surgery ◽  
The World ◽  
Quality Checks
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