Progress of Psychiatry during 1913

1914 ◽  
Vol 60 (250) ◽  
pp. 516-519
Author(s):  
William McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
American Psychiatry ◽  
History Of

On April 16th–18th, 1913, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, opened the Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic. No event in the history of American psychiatry more justly deserved celebration, and none ever received more dignified and fitting observation. Scholars of world renown gathered from widely-separated parts to participate in the launching of the new enterprise. Practically the entire fifth number of vol. lxix of the American Journal of Insanity is devoted to the publication of the addresses delivered at the opening exercises, and every reader of the Journal of Mental Science would do well to review this remarkable collection of memoirs. There will be found a more complete and more authoritative résumé and retrospect of psychiatric progress than could possibly be conveyed in one or all of the annual letters of your correspondent.

The electroshock triangle: disputes about the ECT apparatus prototype and its display in the 1960s

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-324
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Sirgiovanni ◽  
Alessandro Aruta
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
American Psychiatry ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

In the early 1960s, a climate of public condemnation of electroconvulsive therapy was emerging in the USA and Europe. In spite of this, the electroshock apparatus prototype, introduced in Rome in 1938, was becoming hotly contended. This article explores the disputes around the display of the electroshock apparatus prototype in the summer of 1964 and sheds new light on the triangle of personalities that shaped its future: Karl and William Menninger, two key figures of American psychiatry in Topeka; their competitor, Adalberto Pazzini, the founder of the Sapienza Museum of the History of Medicine in Rome; and, between them, Lucio Bini, one of the original inventors of ECT, who died unexpectedly that summer.

History of autoimmunity to predict clinical response to DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTI) in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and MDS-derived acute myeloid leukemias (AML).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6629-6629
Author(s):  
Ashkan Emadi ◽  
Hossein Sadrzadeh ◽  
Payal Patal ◽  
Kathleen H. Burns ◽  
Amy Duffield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Response ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
History Of

6629 Background: MDS is comprised of a heterogeneous group of clonal myeloid disorders. Chronic immune stimulation has been reported as a trigger for the development of a subset of MDS, with increased autoreactive cytotoxic T cells present in the bone marrow. Autoimmunity has been associated with MDS and other marrow failures. DNMTIs, 5-azacytidine and decitabine, are approved for the treatment of MDS. In addition to epigenetic impacts, these agents may have immunomodulatory effects, including augmentation of MAGE-related anti-tumor response. These reports and clinical observations led us to hypothesize that MDS patients with a history of autoimmunity may be more responsive to DNMTIs. Methods: To identify patients with MDS, a retrospective database review (2007-2011) was performed at Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). The MGH data also included those with AML whose disease had progressed from MDS. Past medical history of autoimmune disorders, diagnosis, blood counts, flow cytometry and cytogenetics were reviewed. Patients with aplastic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria or non-malignant etiologies of cytopenia were excluded. Patients with MDS were further studied if they were treated with DNMTI. Results: Of 137 patients with MDS or MDS/AML, 23 had a documented history of autoimmunity in the medical record. Of these, 15 (65.2%) experienced a response to therapy as defined by the International Working Group. Of 114 patients without a documented history of autoimmunity, 34 (29.8%) achieved a response during therapy, a significantly lower percentage as compared to those with autoimmune conditions (p-value 0.002, t-test). The majority of responding patients with a history of autoimmunity displayed a normal karyotype (9 of 15 patients). Conclusions: A history or co-presence of an autoimmune disorder may predict a high likelihood of achieving a clinical response to DNMTIs. Correlative studies in this unique population of patients with MDS and MDS/AML and prospective clinical studies are needed to improve our understanding of the possible mechanism of action of DNMTIs in these patients.

Excerpt from the history of the “Hochschulpsychiatrie Erlangen” (1818–2016): On the history of a connection between University and Institutional Psychiatry, Unique in Germany (1903–1974)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S627-S627
Author(s):  
B. Braun ◽  
J. Kornhuber
Keyword(s):  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Patient Documentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institutional Psychiatry ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University ◽  
Head Of Department

ObjectiveTo examine the more than 70-year history of a connection between University and Institutional Psychiatry.MethodRelevant archival material as well as primary and secondary literature were examined.ResultsAs early as 1818 Johann Michael Leupoldt (1794–1874) held a seminar on “madness” as an assistant professor in Erlangen. But the University Psychiatric Clinic did not begin until 1903 within the association of the mental asylum founded on a contract agreement between the Friedrich-Alexander, University Erlangen and the County Senate of Middle-Franconia. The history of the “Hochschulpsychiatrie Erlangen” reflects part of the history of German psychiatry. The plans to accomplish independence were doomed to impracticability by the social-political situation before, during and after the First and also Second World Wars. Clinic patients were registered as “Institutional residents”, the Clinic had no income of its own, the Head of Department and Director of the Clinic was formally considered as the “senior doctor of the asylum”.DiscussionThe complicated duty dependence of the Head of Department on the Director of the asylum undoubtedly contributed to their decades spanning “mésalliance tradition”. A public scandal arose in 1978 from an accusation of dereliction of duty to the government of Middle-Franconia because of lacking protection of patient documentation and medications during the relocation of the former institution departments to the newly constructed Regional Hospital on the Europakanal.OutlookCooperation between the University Clinic and the Regional Hospital exists in altered form today. The Psychiatric Clinic can thus include patients from the Regional Hospital in scientific studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The History of Heart Surgery at The Johns Hopkins Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-352
Author(s):  
Nishant D. Patel ◽  
Diane E. Alejo ◽  
Duke E. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
History Of
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