A Case of “Status Epilepticus” and Death due to Cerebral Cysts of Cysticercus Cellulosæ (Larvæ of Tænia solium)

1916 ◽  
Vol 62 (256) ◽  
pp. 180-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Peachell
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
South African ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cysticercus Cellulosae ◽  
Epileptic Attack ◽  
Cerebral Cysts

As this is a fairly rare condition, the following case is considered worth publishing:R. P—, æt. 39, married, a private in the R.F.A., was admitted to the Isle of Wight County Asylum on January 2nd, 1915, from a Red Cross Hospital in a condition of status epilepticus. The history obtained from his wife was interesting. He joined the Army when about 18, and spent six years in India. He took part in the South African War for fifteen months. He returned to England in 1903, married, and had several healthy children, and had lived at Dorchester for the last ten years. At the outbreak of war he was called up on the Reserve, and sent to France with the B.E.F., and was in the battle of the Aisne. Early in October he developed “epilepsy,” and was invalided to England. He had always been strong and healthy till then, and never had a fit previously. Under treatment he improved, and was on sick furlough, when in November he had a severe epileptic attack, and was readmitted to a military hospital. He then became sullen, drowsy, and irritable, with occasional slight fits till December 20th, when he had three severe attacks, but came round from them, and was able to write a clear letter to his wife on December 26th. On January 1st, 1915, he started having severe fits, and these continued up to his admission twenty-four hours later.

scholarly journals Valproic Acid Administration in Management of Status Epilepticus Causing Reye’s Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 044-046
Author(s):  
Pooja Prabhakar Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Reye's Syndrome ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Viral Illness ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Serum Ammonia

Abstract Introduction Valproic acid is commonly used to treat seizures in children. Regular use of valproic acid is known to cause hepatic dysfunction, and in extremely rare cases, it is known to have caused Reye’s syndrome. There are very few reports of Reye’s syndrome caused by valproic acid use. Methods A 2-year asymptomatic girl underwent modified Blalock–Taussig shunt surgery for correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Postoperatively the girl developed status epilepticus, which did not subside with initial use of intravenous midazolam and phenytoin sodium. She eventually responded to two doses of intravenous valproic acid administered 10 minutes apart. She developed depressed sensorium and was put on mechanical ventilation. The following day’s laboratory investigations revealed raised levels of serum ammonia, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) with normal serum bilirubin. Thus, a diagnosis of Reye’s syndrome was established. The patient succumbed to disease 2 days later. Discussion Reye’s syndrome is a rare and a fulminant illness seen typically in children following a viral illness and/or use of salicylates or other medications. There are rare reports of Reye’s syndrome following use of medications like valproic acid. This patient had a noninflammatory encephalopathy with hepatic dysfunction following two doses of valproic acid. Conclusion There are very few reports on Reye’s syndrome in the literature as it is a rare condition and diagnosis is difficult. Knowledge of the presentation of Reye’s syndrome is essential for treatment and management. When using drugs like valproic acid in children, liver enzymes and serum ammonia levels should be monitored.

scholarly journals Crude antigen from Taenia crassiceps cysticercus used as heterologous antigen in ELISA and in EITB for neurocysticercosis diagnosis of patients from Paraná-Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Minozzo ◽  
Juliana de Moura ◽  
Sérgio Monteiro Almeida ◽  
Vanete Thomaz-Soccol
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Heterologous Antigen ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Crude Antigen ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Cysticercus Cellulosae

Neurocysticercosis (NCC), the cerebral presence of Taenia solium metacestode (Cysticercus cellulosae), is responsible for neurological disorders worldwide. In order to validate an immunodiagnosis for public-health patients in the State of Parana-Brazil, crude antigen of Taenia crassicepsmetacestode (Cysticercus longicollis) was used as an alternative heterologous antigen to be used in ELISA and in electroimmunotransfer blotting (EITB) for active and inactive NCC diagnosis. Indirect ELISA was able to discriminate between active and inactive samples and presented high specificity and sensitivity. Any immunodominant band was able to distinguish the NCC stages, although the EITB showed 100% specificity. The immunological results proved to be an important auxiliary toll for NCC diagnosis, mainly for public-health systems in developing countries, where either the neuroimage techniques are not accessible or the resources are scarce.

scholarly journals Utilização do teste de eritroimunoadsorção por captura no imunodiagnóstico da neurocisticercose

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Silvia de M. Pialarissi ◽  
Sandra Maria Ottati de Oliveira Nitrini
Keyword(s):  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Cysticercus Cellulosae

Foi padronizado o teste de eritroimunoadsorção por captura (EIAC) para detecção de anticorpos específicos anti-cisticercos de Taenia solium, classe IgG, no líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) de pacientes com neurocisticercose. O reagente empregado para detecção de anticorpos específicos foi preparado com hemácias de carneiro em uma concentração de 0,25%, sensibilizadas com antígeno extrato salino bruto (ESB) obtido do Cysticercus cellulosae. A concentração ótima de ESB para sensibilização das hemácias de carneiro foi de 40ug/ml. O rendimento do ESB foi de 0,lug proteína/cavidade. A sensibilidade do teste foi de 84,5% (limite de confiança 95% de 75% a 94%), quando aplicado a 58 amostras de LCR de pacientes com neurocisticercose; e a especificidade foi de 95,3% (limite de confiança 95% de 90,7% a 99,9%) quando 85 amostras de LCR do grupo controle foram analisadas. O teste EIAC foi eficiente para o diagnóstico da neurocisticercose, e é importante para os laboratórios de saúde pública, tendo em vista a fácil execução, alto rendimento e baixo custo.

scholarly journals Recurrent Pneumonia due to Fibrosing Mediastinitis in a Teenage Girl: A Case Report with Long-Term Follow-Up

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Avigdor Hevroni ◽  
Chaim Springer ◽  
Oren Wasser ◽  
Avraham Avital ◽  
Benjamin Z. Koplewitz
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Teenage Girl ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Recurrent Pneumonia ◽  
Fibrosing Mediastinitis ◽  
The Right

A teenage girl was evaluated for recurrent right pneumonia. The evaluation revealed a calcified mediastinal mass that compressed the right intermediate and middle lobar bronchi, as well as the right pulmonary artery and veins. The clinical picture together with imaging studies and borderline positive serology testing suggested a diagnosis of fibrosing mediastinitis associated with histoplasmosis. This rare condition is characterized by the local proliferation of invasive fibrous tissue within the mediastinum due to a hyperimmune reaction to Histoplasma capsulatum. Antifungal and anti-inflammatory therapies are usually ineffective, and surgical intervention contains a high morbidity risk. Palliative surgery and stenting of the compressed airway have been suggested. In the past, the prognosis was thought to be poor, but recent studies demonstrate a more positive outcome. Our patient had been radiologically and functionally stable under follow-up for over thirteen years and has married and delivered two healthy children, both following an uneventful pregnancy.

scholarly journals Cyclopia: A Rare Condition with Unusual Presentation - A Case Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CMPed.S21107
Author(s):  
Ghassan S.A. Salama ◽  
Mahmoud A.F. Kaabneh ◽  
Mohamed K. Al-Raqad ◽  
Ibrahim M.H. Al-Abdallah ◽  
Ayoub Ga Shakkoury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Renal Dysplasia ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Single Orbit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Term Baby

Introduction Cyclopia (alobar holoprosencephaly) (OMIM% 236100) is a rare and lethal complex human malformation, resulting from incomplete cleavage of prosencephalon into right and left hemispheres occurring between the 18th and the 28th day of gestation. Holoprosencephaly occurs in 1/16,000 live births, and 1/250 during embryogenesis. Approximately 1.05 in 100,000 births are identified as infants with cyclopia, including stillbirths. Cyclopia typically presents with a median single eye or a partially divided eye in a single orbit, absent nose, and a proboscis above the eye. Extracranial malformations described in stillbirths with cyclopia include polydactyl, renal dysplasia, and an omphalocele. The etiology of this rare syndrome, which is incompatible with life, is still largely unknown. Most cases are sporadic. Heterogeneous risk factors have been implicated as possible causes. Case Presentation A live full-term baby with birth weight of 2900 g, product of cesarean section because of severe fetal bradycardia, was born at Prince Hashem Military Hospital – Zarqa city/Jordan. This newborn was the first baby to a non-consanguineous family, and a healthy 18-year-old mother, with no history of drug ingestion or febrile illnesses during pregnancy. Antenatal history revealed severe hydrocephalus diagnosed early by intrauterine ultrasound but the pregnancy was not terminated because of the lack of medical legitimization in the country. On examination, the newborn was found to have a dysmorphic face, with a median single eye, absence of nose, micrognathia, and a proboscis above the eye, all of which made cyclopia the possible initial diagnosis. Multiple unusual abdominal defects were present that include a huge omphalocele containing whole liver and spleen, urinary bladder extrophy, and undefined abnormal external genitalia, which called for urgent confirmation. Brain MRI was done and revealed findings consistent with alobar holoprosencephaly (cyclopia). Conclusion Presentation of cyclopia is not fully exposed and new cyclopian syndromes still can appear. The prenatal diagnosis of cyclopia can be made early by ultrasound, and the awareness of the spectrum of sonographic findings of cyclopia can improve the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis. The legitimization of pregnancy termination for indexed cases in many countries around the world should be revised.

scholarly journals FEBRILE INFECTION-RELATED EPILEPSY SYNDROME (FIRES): COMPLICATED DIAGNOSIS AND CASE REPORT

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Armen K. Shakaryan ◽  
A. A. Kholin ◽  
N. V. Turkot ◽  
D. V. Shakhmaeva ◽  
I. V. Mitrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Epilepsy Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Consciousness Disorders ◽  
Refractory Status ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
The Brain

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is an acute disease provoked by the nonspecific febrile illness with the development of refractory status epilepticus. It frequently occurs in previously healthy children. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is still unknown. The leading initial symptoms include acute fever, seizures, consciousness disorders and imitate neuroinfection or autoimmune pathology of CNS. These features make diagnosis extremely difficult, and there are in addition some difficulties with the verification of the diagnosis. Interpretation of MRI results allows identifying involved parts of the brain. However, the EEG record pattern is not precise. We report a clinical case of FIRES occurred in a 14-year-old previously healthy boy. The disease began similarly to an acute neuroinfection disease with prolonged refractory status epilepticus

scholarly journals Complexo teníase humana - Cisticercose bovina e suína. I - Teníase humana

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
José de Angelis Côrtes
Keyword(s):  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
Cysticercus Cellulosae ◽  
Historia Natural ◽  
Cysticercus Bovis ◽  
Intestino Delgado

Ao apreciarmos o complexo Teníase Humana - Cisticercose devemos ter em mente a história natural de um agente biológico que, para sua persistência na natureza, necessita, obrigatoriamente, da participação de duas espécies hospedeiras, uma das quais é, necessariamente, a humana. A Taenia solium, por exemplo, em sua forma adulta, hospeda-se, naturalmente, no intestino delgado do ser humano e, em sua forma larvar, o Cysticercus cellulosae, no tecido muscular de suínos. O ser humano é, também, o hospedeiro obrigatório da forma adulta da Taenia saginata, enquanto que a correspondente forma larvar, o Cysticercus bovis, infecta o tecido muscular de bovinos. Neste primeiro artigo trataremos do processo doença intitulado Teníase Humana, salientando: a importância desta espécie, única hospedeira da forma adulta das duas tênias, bem como seu papel na transmissão da cisticercose; o mecanismo envolvido em sua infestação pela ingestão de cisticercos viáveis com carne crua ou mal cozida; a patologia (lesões e sintomas) discreta ressaltando a importância da observação, pelo paciente, da presença de proglotes nas fezes; o significado da identificação da espécie da tênia por ocasião do tratamento do paciente e a essencialidade das ações preventivas globais, buscando romper a cadeia epidemiológica deste agente em seus diferentes pontos críticos.

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