scholarly journals Age at onset and cognition in schizophrenia: meta-analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Rajji ◽  
Z. Ismail ◽  
B. H. Mulsant
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundThe relationship between cognition and age at onset of schizophrenia is largely unknown.AimsTo compare cognitive deficits in individuals with youth-onset and late-onset schizophrenia with those in adults with first-episode schizophrenia.MethodTwenty-nine databases (including EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) were searched from 1980 to 2008. Selected publications had to include healthy controls and analyse separately individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or a related disorder and individuals with first-episode, youth-onset or late-onset schizophrenia. Descriptive and cognitive data were extracted and the latter aggregated into 22 cognitive measures. Cohen's effect size raw and weighted means of cognitive deficits were generated and compared in the three groups.ResultsIndividuals with youth-onset and first-episode schizophrenia demonstrate large deficits (mean effect size ⩾0.8) on almost all cognitive measures. Individuals with youth-onset schizophrenia demonstrate larger deficits than those with first-episode schizophrenia on arithmetic, executive function, IQ, psychomotor speed of processing and verbal memory. In contrast, those with late-onset schizophrenia demonstrate minimal deficits on arithmetic, digit symbol coding and vocabulary, but larger ones on attention, fluency, global cognition, IQ and visuospatial construction.ConclusionsIndividuals with youth-onset schizophrenia have severe cognitive deficits, whereas those with late-onset schizophrenia have some relatively preserved cognitive functions. This finding supports the view that severity of the disease process is associated with different ages at onset. In addition, the cognitive pattern of people with late-onset schizophrenia suggests that their deficits are specific rather than solely as a result of ageing and related factors.

Associations between P3a and P3b amplitudes and cognition in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn Kruiper ◽  
Birgitte Fagerlund ◽  
Mette Ø. Nielsen ◽  
Signe Düring ◽  
Maria H. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Gender ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

AbstractBackgroundCognitive deficits are already present in early stages of schizophrenia. P3a and P3b event-related potentials (ERPs) are believed to underlie the processes of attention and working memory (WM), yet limited research has been performed on the associations between these parameters. Therefore, we explored possible associations between P3a/b amplitudes and cognition in a large cohort of antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia (AN-FES) patients and healthy controls (HC).MethodsSeventy-three AN-FES patients and 93 age- and gender-matched HC were assessed for their P3a/b amplitude with an auditory oddball paradigm. In addition, subjects performed several subtests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB).ResultsAN-FES patients had significantly reduced P3a/b amplitudes, as well as significantly lower scores on all cognitive tests compared with HC. Total group correlations revealed positive associations between P3b amplitude and WM and sustained attention and negative associations with all reaction time measures. These associations appeared mainly driven by AN-FES patients, where we found a similar pattern. No significant associations were found between P3b amplitude and cognitive measures in our HC. P3a amplitude did not correlate significantly with any cognitive measures in either group, nor when combined.ConclusionsOur results provide further evidence for P3a/b amplitude deficits and cognitive deficits in AN-FES patients, which are neither due to antipsychotics nor to disease progress. Furthermore, our data showed significant, yet weak associations between P3b and cognition. Therefore, our data do not supply evidence for deficient P3a/b amplitudes as direct underlying factors for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

Cortical morphometric correlational networks associated with cognitive deficits in first episode schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Chencai Wang ◽  
Talia Oughourlian ◽  
Todd A. Tishler ◽  
Faizan Anwar ◽  
Catalina Raymond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
First Episode ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Cognitive heterogeneity in first-episode schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Joyce ◽  
Sam B. Hutton ◽  
Stanley H. Mutsatsa ◽  
Thomas R. E. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Cognitive Heterogeneity ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundStudies of chronic schizophrenia suggest that there are subgroups with different profiles of cognitive impairment.AimsTo determine whether such heterogeneity is present at illness onset and any relationship to clinical variables.MethodNinety-three community patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 50 healthy volunteers were assessed for premorbid (Revised National Adult Reading Test) and current IQ, memory and executive function.ResultsHalf of those with schizophrenia had preserved IQ in the normal range but there was evidence of a specific impairment in spatial working memory even in those with high/average IQ; 37 out of 93 (40%) had generalised cognitive decline. Those with low premorbid IQ were significantly younger at illness onset. For the entire group, age at onset correlated positively with premorbid but not current IQ.ConclusionsAt illness onset, cognitive heterogeneity is present in people with schizophrenia, with a high proportion having undergone general cognitive decline. However, working memory impairment may be a common feature. Lower premorbid IQ is a risk factor for an earlier onset.

Cognitive deficits and its relation with psychopathology and global functioning in first episode schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantala Hegde ◽  
Jagadhisha Thirthalli ◽  
Shobini L. Rao ◽  
Ahalya Raguram ◽  
Mariamma Philip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Are cannabis use disorders associated with an earlier age at onset of psychosis? A study in first episode schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 120 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Sevy ◽  
Delbert G. Robinson ◽  
Barbara Napolitano ◽  
Raman C. Patel ◽  
Handan Gunduz-Bruce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorders ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Differential effects of age at illness onset on verbal memory functions in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients aged 12–43 years

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitte Fagerlund ◽  
Christos Pantelis ◽  
Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen ◽  
Jayachandra Mitta Raghava ◽  
Egill Rostrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The typical onset of schizophrenia coincides with the maturational peak in cognition; however, for a significant proportion of patients the onset is before age 18 and after age 30 years. While cognitive deficits are considered core features of schizophrenia, few studies have directly examined the impact of age of illness onset on cognition. Methods The aim of the study was to examine if the effects of age on cognition differ between healthy controls (HCs) and patients with schizophrenia at illness onset. We examined 156 first-episode antipsychotic-naïve patients across a wide age span (12–43 years), and 161 age- and sex-matched HCs. Diagnoses were made according to ICD-10 criteria. Cognition was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), and IQ was estimated using subtests from the Wechsler adult- or child-intelligence scales. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to examine linear and quadratic effects of age on cognitive scores and interactions by group, including sex and parental socioeconomic status as covariates. Results There was a significant overall effect of age on BACS and IQ (p < 0.001). Significant group-by-age interactions for verbal memory (for age-squared, p = 0.009), and digit sequencing (for age, p = 0.01; age-squared, p < 0.001), indicated differential age-related trajectories between patients and HCs. Conclusions Cognitive functions showing protracted maturation into adulthood, such as verbal memory and verbal working memory, may be particularly impaired in both early- and late-schizophrenia onset. Our findings indicate a potential interaction between the timing of neurodevelopmental maturation and a possible premature age effect in late-onset schizophrenia.

White-matter microstructure in previously drug-naive patients with schizophrenia after 6 weeks of treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2301-2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Wang ◽  
C. Cheung ◽  
W. Deng ◽  
M. Li ◽  
C. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundIt is not clear whether the progressive changes in brain microstructural deficits documented in previous longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies might be due to the disease process or to other factors such as medication. It is important to explore the longitudinal alterations in white-matter (WM) microstructure in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia during the very early phase of treatment when relatively ‘free’ from chronicity.MethodThirty-five patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 22 healthy volunteers were recruited. High-resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was obtained from participants at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. A ‘difference map’ for each individual was calculated from the 6-week follow-up fractional anisotropy (FA) of DTI minus the baseline FA. Differences in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores between baseline and 6 weeks were also evaluated and expressed as a 6-week/baseline ratio.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, there was a significant decrease in absolute FA of WM around the bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus and the right anterior corona radiata of the frontal lobe in first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia following 6 weeks of treatment. Clinical symptoms improved during this period but the change in FA did not correlate with the changes in clinical symptoms or the dose of antipsychotic medication.ConclusionsDuring the early phase of treatment, there is an acute reduction in WM FA that may be due to the effects of antipsychotic medications. However, it is not possible to entirely exclude the effects of underlying progression of illness.

First-episode schizophrenia: review of cognitive deficits and cognitive remediation

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Vishnu Gopal ◽  
Hannele Variend
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Psychological Techniques ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

The presence of cognitive deficits in schizophrenic illness has been extensively documented, and deficits in memory and executive functioning may be related to poor prognosis. Targeting these deficits during the early phase has potential benefits. The neural basis for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia is not well understood, and hence pharmacological interventions alone are insufficient. Future strategies should focus on pharmacological interventions combined with psychological techniques such as cognitive remediation. This review summarises recent findings relating to first-episode schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Cognitive impairment in euthymic major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2017-2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bora ◽  
B. J. Harrison ◽  
M. Yücel ◽  
C. Pantelis
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing

BackgroundThere is evidence to suggest that cognitive deficits might persist beyond the acute stages of illness in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the findings are somewhat inconsistent across the individual studies conducted to date. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies that have examined cognition in euthymic MDD patients.MethodFollowing a systematic search across several publication databases, meta-analyses were conducted for 27 empirical studies that compared euthymic adult MDD patients (895 participants) and healthy controls (997 participants) across a range of cognitive domains. The influence of demographic variables and confounding factors, including age of onset and recurrent episodes, was examined.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, euthymic MDD patients were characterized by significantly poorer cognitive functions. However, the magnitude of observed deficits, with the exception of inhibitory control, were generally modest when late-onset cases were excuded. Late-onset cases demonstrated significantly more pronounced deficits in verbal memory, speed of information processing and some executive functions.ConclusionsCognitive deficits, especially poor response inhibition, are likely to be persistent features, at least of some forms, of adult-onset MDD. More studies are necessary to examine cognitive dysfunction in remitted psychotic, melancholic and bipolar spectrum MDD. Cognitive deficits overall appear to be more common among patients with late-onset depression, supporting the theories suggesting that possible vascular and neurodegenerative factors play a role in a substantial number of these patients.

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