scholarly journals Invited commentary on … Word use in first-person accounts of schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Edgar Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
First Person ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
Underlying Pathology

SummaryThe use of pronouns and causal attributions in personal accounts has been analysed to distinguish between schizophrenia and mood disorders. The implications for both cognitive processing and the underlying pathology of symptoms are explored. Context is identified as a key variable in the analysis and interpretation of text.

Ciało w stanie rozpadu. Doświadczenie bomby atomowej w relacjach hibakusha

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Artur Szarecki
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
First Person ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Accounts

The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 are a symbolic source of all later views on a nuclear holocaust. The specificity of the Japanese narratives, however, lies in the fact that they take the first-person form, and thus they give a direct testimony of the individuals’ experience. In the article I refer to the personal accounts of the victims of the atomic bomb (the so-called hibakusha) to prove that corporeality is employed in them as the primary category of description, and functions as the existential ground on which both the horror of the explosion is constructed, and the collapse of the “world of life” of the community is experienced.

scholarly journals Word use in first-person accounts of schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Fineberg ◽  
S. Deutsch-Link ◽  
M. Ichinose ◽  
T. McGuinness ◽  
A. J. Bessette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Test Word ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Causal Language

BackgroundLanguage use is often disrupted in patients with schizophrenia; novel computational approaches may provide new insights.AimsTo test word use patterns as markers of the perceptual, cognitive and social experiences characteristic of schizophrenia.MethodWord counting software was applied to first-person accounts of schizophrenia and mood disorder.ResultsMore third-person plural pronouns (‘they’) and fewer first-person singular pronouns (‘I’) were used in schizophrenia than mood disorder accounts. Schizophrenia accounts included fewer words related to the body and ingestion, and more related to religion. Perceptual and causal language were negatively correlated in schizophrenia accounts but positively correlated in mood disorder accounts.ConclusionsDifferences in pronouns suggest decreased self-focus or perhaps even an understanding of self as other in schizophrenia. Differences in how perceptual and causal words are correlated suggest that long-held delusions represent a decreased coupling of explanations with sensory experience over time.

How Henry Hellyer’s Use of Language Foretold His Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna L. Baddeley ◽  
Gwyneth R. Daniel ◽  
James W. Pennebaker
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Emotion Word ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Pronoun Use ◽  
First Person Plural

Background: Henry Hellyer was an accomplished surveyor and explorer in Australia in the early 1800s whose apparent suicide at the age of 42 has puzzled historians for generations. He left behind several written works, including letters, journals, and reports. Aims: The current study assessed changes in the ways Hellyer used words in his various written documents during the last 7 years of his life. Methods: Hellyer’s writings were analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program. Results: Hellyer showed increases in first-person singular pronoun use, decreases in first-person plural pronoun use, and increases in negative emotion word use. As this is a single, uncontrolled case study, caution is recommended in generalizing from the current results. Conclusions: Results suggest Hellyer’s increasing self-focused attention, social isolation, and negative emotion. Findings are consistent with increasing depression and suicidal ideation. Implications for using computerized text analysis to decode people’s psychological states from their written records are discussed.

Blindness, Empathy, and ‘Feeling Seeing’: Literary Accounts of Blind Experience

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Jorge Luis Borges ◽  
First Person ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
Ocular Cancer ◽  
Recent Account

Since Descartes, most discussions of blindness have been in terms of what Kleegecalls ‘the Hypothetical Blind Man’, a blank-blind figure, rendered mute. In contrast, the twentieth century offered a number of personal accounts of blindness and the process of going blind, at once furthering the fascination by the sighted reader of what the blind supposedly ‘see’ whilst also personalizing the testimony. We start with what Jorge Luis Borges terms the ‘pathetic moment’ of his own becoming blind (1973) along with other first-person accounts of going blind, including the so-called ‘Blind Traveller’ James Holman, RN, Helen Keller’s celebrated autobiographies, and Oliver Sacks’ recent account of progressive blindness through ocular cancer.

scholarly journals First-person accounts of delusions

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biba Stanton ◽  
Anthony S. David
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
First Person ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Reality Testing ◽  
Autobiographical Accounts ◽  
Personal Accounts

Aims and MethodIn order to investigate cognitive aspects of the experience of delusions, including onset and recovery, autobiographical accounts of schizophrenia were reviewed.ResultsThe sample was self-selected and biased towards women and highly-educated patients. The delusions described were usually gradual in onset and often occurred in the context of an odd or fearful mood, which was accompanied by distorted reasoning. Recovery was also gradual with an intermediate stage of reality-testing or fluctuation between belief and disbelief. Many patients retained residual aspects of delusional thinking after recovery. Most attributed their recovery to a combination of medication, psychotherapy, social support and personal coping strategies; some felt that their illness had enhanced their self-awareness or spirituality.Clinical ImplicationsFurther exploration of spontaneous coping strategies in recovery from delusions through personal accounts of illness would be valuable.

The S-SH Confusion Test and the Effects of Frequency Lowering

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1486-1505
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Nonlinear Frequency ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Frequency Compression ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Minimal Word ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Negative Side Effects

PurposeFrequency lowering in hearing aids can cause listeners to perceive [s] as [ʃ]. The S-SH Confusion Test, which consists of 66 minimal word pairs spoken by 6 female talkers, was designed to help clinicians and researchers document these negative side effects. This study's purpose was to use this new test to evaluate the hypothesis that these confusions will increase to the extent that low frequencies are altered.MethodTwenty-one listeners with normal hearing were each tested on 7 conditions. Three were control conditions that were low-pass filtered at 3.3, 5.0, and 9.1 kHz. Four conditions were processed with nonlinear frequency compression (NFC): 2 had a 3.3-kHz maximum audible output frequency (MAOF), with a start frequency (SF) of 1.6 or 2.2 kHz; 2 had a 5.0-kHz MAOF, with an SF of 1.6 or 4.0 kHz. Listeners' responses were analyzed using concepts from signal detection theory. Response times were also collected as a measure of cognitive processing.ResultsOverall, [s] for [ʃ] confusions were minimal. As predicted, [ʃ] for [s] confusions increased for NFC conditions with a lower versus higher MAOF and with a lower versus higher SF. Response times for trials with correct [s] responses were shortest for the 9.1-kHz control and increased for the 5.0- and 3.3-kHz controls. NFC response times were also significantly longer as MAOF and SF decreased. The NFC condition with the highest MAOF and SF had statistically shorter response times than its control condition, indicating that, under some circumstances, NFC may ease cognitive processing.ConclusionsLarge differences in the S-SH Confusion Test across frequency-lowering conditions show that it can be used to document a major negative side effect associated with frequency lowering. Smaller but significant differences in response times for correct [s] trials indicate that NFC can help or hinder cognitive processing, depending on its settings.

Cognitive Processing of Miscommunication in Interactive Listening: An Evaluation of Listener Indecision and Cognitive Effort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Roche ◽  
Arkady Zgonnikov ◽  
Laura M. Morett
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Computer Mouse Tracking ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
Processing Effort

Purpose The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the social and cognitive underpinnings of miscommunication during an interactive listening task. Method An eye and computer mouse–tracking visual-world paradigm was used to investigate how a listener's cognitive effort (local and global) and decision-making processes were affected by a speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication. Results Experiments 1 and 2 found that an environmental cue that made a miscommunication more or less salient impacted listener language processing effort (eye-tracking). Experiment 2 also indicated that listeners may develop different processing heuristics dependent upon the speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication, exerting a significant impact on cognition and decision making. We also found that perspective-taking effort and decision-making complexity metrics (computer mouse tracking) predict language processing effort, indicating that instances of miscommunication produced cognitive consequences of indecision, thinking, and cognitive pull. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that listeners behave both reciprocally and adaptively when miscommunications occur, but the way they respond is largely dependent upon the type of ambiguity and how often it is produced by the speaker.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document