Mental disorders on admission to jail: A study of prevalence and a comparison with a community sample in the north of France

Abstract Background. The aim of the present study was to estimate prevalence rates of psychiatric and substance use disorders in male and female prisoners on admission to prison in the north of France and compare the frequency of these disorders to the general population. Methods. This cross-sectional survey on Mental Health in the Prison Population (MHPP), conducted between March 2014 and April 2017, interviewed 653 randomly selected men and women who had recently been committed to the French general population prison system in the Nord and Pas-de-Calais departments. For each subject, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), a standardized psychiatric interview, was used to screen for psychiatric and substance use disorders. The prevalence rates were then compared with data from the Mental Health in the General Population (MHGP) survey, a general population survey that used the same assessment methodology as MHPP in the Nord and Pas-de-Calais departments. A control sample was taken from the MHGP survey with a ratio of one case (MHPP) to three controls (MHGP) matching on age and sex. Results. The sample was primarily composed of French men, most of them single with low educational levels at the time of imprisonment. The mean age was 31.7 (standard deviation = 9.9; min = 18; max = 67). Most of the subjects included were first-time prisoners. The prevalence of affective disorders among newly incarcerated individuals was 31.2% with higher rates for major depressive disorder (27.2%). The prevalence of anxiety disorders was 44.4% with higher rates for generalized anxiety disorder (25.2%). The prevalence of psychotic syndromes was 6.9%. The prevalence of substance use disorders was 53.5% and a suicide risk was identified in 31.4% of the prisoners interviewed. Higher prevalence rates were found in the MHPP when compared with the MHGP for all psychiatric and substance use disorders assessed except for dysthymia and current isolated psychotic syndrome. Conclusions. Our study shows very high levels of prevalence for psychiatric and substance use disorders in recently committed French prisoners.

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Reducing Substance Use and Improving Mental Health Among Construction Workers: An Interview With Chris Trahan Cain

NEW SOLUTIONS A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy ◽

10.1177/10482911211030177 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104829112110301

Author(s):

Alando Hall

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Occupational Safety ◽

Task Force ◽

Construction Workers ◽

Building Trades ◽

The North ◽

Safety And Health ◽

Prevention Methods

Construction workers, their unions, and the construction industry face important challenges in addressing substance use disorders and mental health issues. To examine these issues further, we spoke with Chris Trahan Cain, Executive Director of CPWR—The Center for Construction Research and Training, a nonprofit organization that is affiliated with North America’s Building Trades Unions and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. As the chair of the North America’s Building Trades Unions opioid task force, she has been working with construction unions and employers to develop primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention methods to help combat the opioid epidemic, other substance use disorders and to improve worker mental health.

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A modified random walk door-to-door recruitment strategy for collecting social and biological data relating to mental health, substance use/addictions and violence problems in a Canadian community

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research ◽

10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.143 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 7-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Andrea Flynn ◽

Paul F. Tremblay ◽

Jürgen Rehm ◽

Samantha Wells

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Random Walk ◽

General Population ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Community Sample ◽

Response Rates ◽

Biological Data ◽

Self Report ◽

Recruitment Strategy

Flynn, A., Tremblay, P. F., Rehm, J., & Wells, S. (2013). A modified random walk door-to-door recruitment strategy for collecting social and biological data relating to mental health, substance use, addiction, and violence problems in a Canadian community. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(2), 7-16. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.143 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.143)Aims: To describe a modified “random walk” door-to-door recruitment strategy used to obtain a random community sample for participation in a study relating to mental health, substance use, addiction, and violence (MSAV) problems and involving the collection of both self-report and biological (hair and saliva) data. This paper describes study protocols, response rates for the study and for the provision of biological data, and possible further applications for this data collection method.Design: A two-stage cluster sample was derived from the 2006 Canadian census sampling frame for a small Ontario community, based on the random selection of city blocks as the primary sampling units and households as the secondary sampling units.Setting: A small city in Ontario, Canada.Participants: A general population sample of 92 participants selected randomly from households using Kish tables.Measures: A computerized questionnaire was administered to obtain self-report data on MSAV problems. Saliva was collected to study genetic vulnerabilities to MSAV problems, and hair was collected to examine stress levels (via the hormone cortisol) as they relate to MSAV problems.Findings: The study showed a response rate of 50% and a high rate of provision of biological samples (over 95%).Conclusions: Modified random walk methodologies involving face-to-face recruitment may represent a useful approach for obtaining general population samples for studies of MSAV problems, particularly those involving the collection of biological samples. Further studies are needed to assess whether this approach leads to better response rates and improved estimates compared to other survey methods used in research on substance use.

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Latent profiles of family background, personality and mental health factors and their association with behavioural addictions and substance use disorders in young Swiss men

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.04.003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 76-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Simon Marmet ◽

Joseph Studer ◽

Ansgar Rougemont-Bücking ◽

Gerhard Gmel

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Family Background ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Health Factors ◽

Personality Pattern ◽

Latent Profiles ◽

Mental Health Factors ◽

Behavioural Addictions

AbstractBackground:Recent theories suggest that behavioural addictions and substance use disorders may be the result of the same underlying vulnerability. The present study investigates profiles of family background, personality and mental health factors and their associations with seven behavioural addictions (to the internet, gaming, smartphones, internet sex, gambling, exercise and work) and three substance use disorder scales (for alcohol, cannabis and tobacco).Methods:The sample consisted of 5287 young Swiss men (mean age = 25.42) from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF). A latent profile analysis was performed on family background, personality and mental health factors. The derived profiles were compared with regards to means and prevalence rates of the behavioural addiction and substance use disorder scales.Results:Seven latent profiles were identified, ranging from profiles with a positive family background, favourable personality patterns and low values on mental health scales to profiles with a negative family background, unfavourable personality pattern and high values on mental health scales. Addiction scale means, corresponding prevalence rates and the number of concurrent addictions were highest in profiles with high values on mental health scales and a personality pattern dominated by neuroticism. Overall, behavioural addictions and substance use disorders showed similar patterns across latent profiles.Conclusion:Patterns of family background, personality and mental health factors were associated with different levels of vulnerability to addictions. Behavioural addictions and substance use disorders may thus be the result of the same underlying vulnerabilities.

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Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders in the Australian General Population: Findings of the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/00048674.2011.624083 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 45 (11) ◽

pp. 957-967 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

Peter M. McEvoy ◽

Rachel Grove ◽

Tim Slade

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

General Population ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

National Survey ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Lifetime Prevalence ◽

Health And Wellbeing

Objective: The aims of this study were to report 12-month and lifetime prevalence for anxiety disorders in the Australian general population, identify sociodemographic and clinical correlates of anxiety disorders, and report the rates of comorbidity among anxiety, affective, and substance use disorders across the lifespan. Method: The 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing was a nationally representative, face-to-face household survey of 8841 (60% response rate) community residents aged between 16 and 85 years. Diagnoses for anxiety, affective and substance use disorders were made according to the DSM-IV using the World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: 12-month and lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders were 11.8% and 20.0%, respectively. Anxiety disorders had a similar median age of onset (19 years) compared to substance use disorders (20 years), but earlier than affective disorders (34 years). Social phobia was the earliest onset anxiety disorder (median 13 years), with generalized anxiety disorder the latest (median 33 years). Significant correlates of the presence of anxiety disorders included being female, single, not in the labour force, in the middle age groups, not having post-graduate qualifications, having a comorbid physical condition, and having a family history of mental disorders. Being in the oldest age ranges and being born in another non-English speaking country were associated with lower odds of having an anxiety disorder. Body mass index was not associated with the presence of an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders were highly comorbid, particularly with major depression, dysthymia, and alcohol dependence. Comorbidity with substance use disorders reduced with age. Comorbidity with affective disorders was high across the lifespan. Conclusions: Anxiety disorders are common, can have an early onset, and are highly comorbid. Prevention, early detection, and treatment of anxiety disorders should be a priority.

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