Further Observations on General Paralysis of the Insane, and on the Morbid Changes found on Post-mortem Examination in the Spinal Cord

1871 ◽  
Vol 17 (79) ◽  
pp. 364-370
Author(s):  
R. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
Somerset County ◽  
The Subject

In my communication on General Paralysis in the previous number of the Journal, reference is made to tables, showing various particulars in 124 males and 31 females suffering from this disease, and in whom post-mortem examinations were made during a period extending over 20 years. As these tables were found to be too voluminous for publication in the Journal an analysis or summary only was given. A further reference to the subject may not be uninteresting, especially as relates to the spinal canal, the spinal cord, and investing membranes, since any notice of their condition in insane persons is entirely omitted, even by recent observers. These morbid changes, so frequently noticed by myself and colleagues at the Somerset County Asylum, and in many instances submitted to others for microscopical examination, can only have been overlooked in other institutions from the difficulty of exposing the spinal cord, so as to admit of its complete examination, the instruments in common use not being suitable for the purpose. Those I have been in the habit of using for dividing the spinal column, after laying it bare with a large-sized scalpel, are a common tenon saw, a chisel and mallet, the same as used in opening the skull, and both operations may be performed with equal facility after a little practice.

Observations on General Paralysis of the Insane and on the Morbid Changes found on Post-mortem Examination in the Spinal Cord

1871 ◽  
Vol 17 (77) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Robt Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
Somerset County

The following observations are mainly the result of the author's experience during twenty years in the Somerset. County Asylum; many of them have appeared from time to time in his annual reports of that institution.

Notes on a Case of Fracture of the Fibula in a Melancholic Patient, with Remarks on Treatment in Fractures Generally

1898 ◽  
Vol 44 (184) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
J. F. Briscoe
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Treatment ◽  
Fractured Ribs ◽  
Osseous System

The object of this communication is to draw from the members of the Association the modern treatment of fractures as adopted in institutions for the insane. It is obvious that the various plans, as practised in hospitals, must be considerably modified in asylums. For instance, to strap and bandage a case of fractured ribs, secundum artem, taxes any medical officer, unless the patient is quietly disposed and clean in his habits. However, with skill and a fairly docile patient, there should be little difficulty in the management of ordinary fractures of the bones below the elbows and the knees. From time to time one reads of cases of fractures of the ribs occurring in asylums, remarkable autopsies being recorded. It is difficult sometimes to give a correct history of their causation, and, in consequence, much opprobrium has been unjustly cast on asylum officials. It is believed by not a few that there is a peculiar affection of the ribs in the insane causing them to fracture readily. It is said, too, that it is common in general paralysis. Dr. Christian has stated in the Journal of Mental Science, January, 1886, that he is decidedly opposed to the idea that general paralytics are more liable to fracture of the bones. He gives 250 cases, and says, “I can assure you, gentlemen, I have not come across a single case of fracture among them.” But no figures of the kind can be relied upon unless verified by post-mortem examination. It is not uncommon to find in the mortuaries of ordinary hospitals and asylums, and in the dissecting-room, specimens of fractured ribs, the causation of which is unaccounted for. With our present pathological knowledge of the osseous system we must withhold our verdict.

scholarly journals The Bearing of Recent Research in the Posterior Root Ganglia upon the New Theories concerning the Ætiology of Tabes dorsalis

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (201) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
R. G. Rows
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Posterior Root ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Tabes Dorsalis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Posterior Root Ganglia

Dr. Orr has shown you the normal cells of the posterior root ganglia and the changes which they undergo in general paralysis of the insane, and we have thought that it would be of some interest briefly to follow the subject a little further, and to see what is the modem view of the degenerative changes in the cells of the posterior root ganglia and in the nervefibres of the spinal cord in general paralysis and in tabes dorsalis.

scholarly journals Hematoxylin - Eosin-Methylene Blue Staining in a Dog Hepatic Amyloidosis Case

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-548
Author(s):  
Adrian Stancu ◽  
Liliana Carpinisan ◽  
Alina Ghise ◽  
Marius Pentea ◽  
Delia Mira Berceanu Vaduva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
Hepatic Amyloidosis ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

A post-mortem examination of an 1,5 years old Shar- Peis, dog was performed in order to find out the death cause. The macroscopically examination revealed a large amount of blood in the abdominal (hemoperitoneum) The liver was sampled for histopathological examination. Hematoxylin-eosin-methylene blue staining wasperformed in order to prepare the samples for microscopical examination. Based on the specific histopathological changes and taking into account all the pathological data, the diagnosis was liver amiloidosis.

Nervous Symptoms in Cases of Congenital Syphilis

1875 ◽  
Vol 20 (92) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hughlings Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
General Health ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Good General Health ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Epileptic Fits

Some years ago I published a pamphlet (reprinted, with slight alterations, from the “St. Andrew's Medical Graduates' Transactions,” vol. iv., 1868) on Nervous Affections in Inherited Syphilis. At that time I had had bat one post-mortem examination. The patient was a girl, the daughter of the patient Joseph Mx., whose case is the second of two related by me in this Journal for July, 1874. She had epileptic fits. She died of typhoid fever, and no lesion of a syphilitic nature was discovered post-mortem. Thus I learned nothing from this case. In the “Brit. Med. Journal,”* May 18, 1572, I have reported a case of hemiplegia, previously unpublished, in a woman aged 22, who was manifestly the subject of inherited syphilis. That patient was in good general health, and is, I hope, still living.

Spinal Level

2017 ◽  
pp. 523-558
Author(s):  
Eduardo E. Benarroch ◽  
Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory ◽  
Kelly D. Flemming
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Spinal Level ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Fluid Systems

The spinal level includes the vertebral column and its contents. The spinal canal within the vertebral column is the passage formed by the vertebrae. It extends from the foramen magnum of the skull through the sacrum of the spinal column and contains the spinal cord, nerve roots, spinal nerves, meninges, and vascular supply of the spinal cord. Five of the major systems are represented in the spinal canal: the sensory, motor, autonomic, vascular, and cerebrospinal fluid systems. The vascular and cerebrospinal fluid structures are the support systems of the spinal cord. Diseases of the spinal canal involve 1 or more of these systems and produce patterns of disease distinctive to this level. The anatomical and physiologic characteristics of the spinal cord and spinal nerves that permit the identification and localization of diseases in the spinal canal are presented in this chapter.

Paraspinal arteriovenous malformations in children

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Kitagawa ◽  
Michel E. Mawad ◽  
William E. Whitehead ◽  
Daniel J. Curry ◽  
Thomas G. Luersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Spinal Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spinal Epidural

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) within the spinal canal and in the paraspinal region are unusual. Spinal cord and dural AVMs or arteriovenous fistulas have been the subject of numerous reports, but paraspinal malformations causing venous congestion or hemorrhage in the spinal canal are rare and present special diagnosis and management challenges. The authors review previously published reports on 16 children with paraspinal AVMs. They also describe the 17th case of a child with a paraspinal AVM who presented with a spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there has been no other case of a spinal epidural hematoma associated with a paraspinal AVM. In each of the 17 cases, the vascular lesion was successfully obliterated using endovascular therapy. Embolization with permanent occlusive agents is an effective treatment for these rare but potentially debilitating lesions.

3. German Retrospect.

1893 ◽  
Vol 39 (165) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
The Subject

The following is taken from a resume of Dr. Bjeljakow in the “Wjestnik Psych.” (viii. Jahrgang, Heft 2), as given in the “Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Psychatrie” (xviii. Band, 1 Heft). Dr. Bjeljakow, who has studied the subject in a hospital of St. Petersburg, has confined his observations to cases where there was distinct inflammation of the middle ear. Out of 135 post-mortem examinations which he made during four years 17·12 per cent. suffered from internal otitis. Of these one of the patients had melancholia, one paranoia hallucinatoria acuta, eight paranoia hallucinatoria chronica, two secondary dementia, three epileptic insanity, four general paralysis, one acute delirium, one senile dementia, and three hebephrenia. The author, at the end of his paper, gives the following conclusions:—

The “filum intermedium” sign: focal in utero spinal cord infarct and extraspinal thecal sac

1994 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam N. Mamelak ◽  
Philip H. Cogen ◽  
A. James Barkovich
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Radiographic Appearance ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Fine Print

✓ This report describes the unique case of a child born with paraplegia and a neurogenic bladder who was found to have a dysplastic, nonossified T-12 vertebral body, midline fusion of the T-12 neural arches, obliteration of the spinal canal at T-12, and an extraspinal thecal sac in the T11—L1 region. Neural tissue was focally absent from T9–12, but neural structures above and below were preserved. Narrowing of the thecal sac on myelograms and sagittal magnetic resonance images signifies in utero focal infarction of the spinal cord after neurulation but before formation of the posterior half of the spinal canal. The infarction resulted in severe focal narrowing of the thecal sac from T10—L1, resembling a premature and duplicated filum terminale; to denote the radiographic appearance of these anomalies, the authors have coined the term “filum intermedium” sign. The extremely unusual radiographic findings in this child illustrate the important interactions between neural tube, neural crest, and somite in the development of the spinal cord and spinal column. Correlation of the radiographic findings with the embryological differentiation and migration of these structures suggests that the spinal anomalies were caused by a focal insult, probably vascular in origin, occurring between the sixth and eighth weeks of gestation. The identification of a focally narrowed thecal sac and spinal cord (the “filum intermedium” sign) localizes the time of the insult to between the first and third month of gestation, and therefore is a useful marker in understanding developmental malformation of the spinal cord.

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