Performance of Precast Concrete Building Structures

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1_suppl1) ◽  
pp. 349-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Ghosh ◽  
Ned M. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Earthquake Resistance ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Code Provisions

The Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) sent an assessment team to Chile, which visited the areas affected by the 27 February 2010 earthquake between 26 and 30 April 2010. This paper reports on the team's observations on the performance of precast/prestressed concrete structures. The precast concrete building systems observed by the PCI team generally performed well. In some cases, the lateral force-resisting system performed satisfactorily, but the absence or weakness of diaphragm framing resulted in local failures. Overall, the PCI team found a mature and sophisticated precast concrete industry that has successfully considered and solved issues of earthquake resistance without some of the constraints imposed on U.S. practice by restrictive building code provisions.

PCI Standard Design Practice Ref ACI 318-14

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Consistent Approach ◽  
Code Provisions

Precast, prestressed concrete design is based on conformance with the provisions of the American Concrete Institute’s (ACI’s) Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14). In most cases, these provisions are followed explicitly. Occasionally, interpretation of some sections of ACI 318 is required to ensure quality is maintained in conjunction with the unique characteristics of precast and prestressed concrete fabrication, shipping, and erection. Members of the PCI Building Code Committee, along with other experienced precast concrete design engineers, have identified code provisions, detailed in this publication, that require clarification or interpretation. These design practices are followed by most precast concrete design engineers to produce safe, economical precast concrete structures and they provide a consistent approach for the designers and contractors.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of a New Precast Prestressed Concrete Joint

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyuan Yan ◽  
Suguo Wang ◽  
Canling Huang ◽  
Ai Qi ◽  
Chao Hong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Concrete Joints ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete

Precast monolithic structures are increasingly applied in construction. Such a structure has a performance somewhere between that of a pure precast structure and that of a cast-in-place structure. A precast concrete frame structure is one of the most common prefabricated structural systems. The post-pouring joint is important for controlling the seismic performance of the entire precast monolithic frame structure. This paper investigated the joints of a precast prestressed concrete frame structure. A reversed cyclic loading test was carried out on two precast prestressed concrete beam–column joints that were fabricated with two different concrete strengths in the keyway area. This testing was also performed on a cast-in-place reinforced concrete joint for comparison. The phenomena such as joint crack development, yielding, and ultimate damage were observed, and the seismic performance of the proposed precast prestressed concrete joint was determined. The results showed that the precast prestressed concrete joint and the cast-in-place joint had a similar failure mode. The stiffness, bearing capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation were comparable. The hysteresis curves were full and showed that the joints had good energy dissipation. The presence of prestressing tendons limited the development of cracks in the precast beams. The concrete strength of the keyway area had little effect on the seismic performance of the precast prestressed concrete joints. The precast prestressed concrete joints had a seismic performance that was comparable to the equivalent monolithic system.

Saint-Venant torsion constant of modern precast concrete bridge girders

PCI Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Richard Brice ◽  
Richard Pickings
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bridge Girders ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Prestressed Concrete Bridge ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete

Many bridge owners have developed new precast, prestressed concrete bridge girder sections that are optimized for high-performance concrete and pretensioning strands with diameters greater than 0.5 in. (12.7 mm). Girder sections have been developed for increased span capacities, while others fill a need in shorter span ranges. Accurate geometric properties are essential for design. Common properties, including cross-sectional area, location of centroid, and major axis moment of inertia, are generally easy to compute and are readily available in standard design references. Computation of the torsion constant is a different matter. This paper presents the methods and results of a study to determine the torsion constant for many of the modern precast, prestressed concrete bridge girders used in the United States and compares the results with values from the approximate methods of the AASHTO LRFD specifications.

Evolution of Design Code Requirements for Exterior Elements and Connections

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Sielaff ◽  
Richard J. Nielsen ◽  
Edwin R. Schmeckpeper
Keyword(s):  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Seismic Rehabilitation ◽  
Story Drift ◽  
Moment Resisting ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Steel Frame Structure

Seismic design requirements for precast concrete cladding panel connections have evolved significantly over the past fifty years. This paper summarizes the pertinent requirements from the Uniform Building Code from 1967 to 1997, and the International Building Code 2000. A hypothetical design illustrates how emphasis in the code has evolved for both lateral force requirements and story drift displacement requirements arriving at a balance of moderate lateral force and displacement requirements. The numerical results are based on a hypothetical case of panel connections for a ten-story moment-resisting steel frame structure built in seismic Zone 4. This historical summary is of value to designers who deal with the seismic rehabilitation of precast panel connections.

scholarly journals Structural Health Monitoring of Precast Concrete Box Girders Using Selected Vibration-Based Damage Detection Methods

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengjie Zhou ◽  
Leon D. Wegner ◽  
Bruce F. Sparling
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Box Girders ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Precast Prestressed Concrete

Precast, prestressed concrete box girders are commonly used as superstructure components for short and medium span bridges. Their configuration and typical side-by-side placement make large portions of these elements inaccessible for visual inspection or the application of nondestructive testing techniques. This paper demonstrates that vibration-based damage detection (VBDD) is an effective alternative for monitoring their structural health. A box girder removed from a dismantled bridge was used to evaluate the ability of five different VBDD algorithms to detect and localize low levels of spalling damage, with a focus on using a small number of sensors and only the fundamental mode of vibration. All methods were capable of detecting and localizing damage to a region within approximately 1.6 times the longitudinal spacing between as few as six uniformly distributed accelerometers. Strain gauges configured to measure curvature were also effective, but tended to be susceptible to large errors in near support damage cases. Finite element analyses demonstrated that increasing the number of sensor locations leads to a proportional increase in localization accuracy, while the use of additional modes provides little advantage and can sometimes lead to a deterioration in the performance of the VBDD techniques.

Seismic Design of Lightweight Metal Building Systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Wayne Mays
Keyword(s):  
Structural Steel ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Time History ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Metal Building ◽  
Design Earthquake

As a result of failures uncovered after the Northridge earthquake, the AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings has become extremely stringent in its design provisions for moment frame structures. Although the changes are justified, they are not necessary for every type of building system. Some structures can be safely designed to resist earthquake forces elastically without concern of structural collapse. Metal buildings are typically lightweight, and small inertia forces from the design earthquake will not usually result in an inelastic response of a system that is properly designed to resist wind forces. In this paper, metal building systems are analyzed using an equivalent lateral force method and a linear time history analysis to show that typical metal building systems will respond elastically to the design earthquake. Specifically, using the International Building Code along with the aforementioned document, it is shown in the following sections that for lightweight metal building structures, adherence to the AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings is not required in most cases except for locations on the West Coast and a few regions east of the Rocky Mountains. Elastic design methodology is discussed and design recommendations applicable to metal building systems are provided.

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