Approaches to shared decision-making for PSA screening in primary care practice.

33 Background: In April 2017, the United States Preventive Services Task Force published a draft statement recommending that clinicians inform men ages 55 to 65 about the potential benefits and harms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening for prostate cancer. The HIT-OVERUSE study is an ongoing 2 year group randomized study in 20 primary care practices to test a practice-based intervention to reduce overuse, including avoidance of routine PSA screening without shared decision making. The purpose of this report is to present qualitative findings about approaches participating practices have adopted to facilitate shared decision-making for PSA screening. Methods: Eleven practices in ten states randomized to the HIT-OVERUSE intervention group have hosted on-site visits for academic detailing and participatory planning and sent two practice representatives to a one day meeting to share ‘best practices.’ Detailed notes from site visits, follow-up emails, and the ‘best practice’ meeting were reviewed to identify strategies adopted by practices to facilitate shared decision-making for PSA screening for prostate cancer screening. Results: All practices adopted at least one strategy to promote shared-decision making for PSA screening. Four practices removed standing orders for routine PSA screening. Four practices educated their clinical staff about the test; three developed scripts for staff to use when asked by patients about the test. Six practices began using patient education handouts about PSA screening. One provider started showing a brief YouTube video with patients, while another practice developed a slide show to show in the waiting room. Most providers in nearly all practices reported modifying their conversation about PSA screening with patients to include some discussion about the benefits and the harms of screening. Conclusions: Primary care practices participating an intervention to reduce overuse have adopted varied approaches to facilitate shared-decision making for prostate cancer screening. While having face-to-face conversations is one approach, other strategies may employ staff or utilize patient education or videos to convey the benefits and harms of screening.