Coordination of Postural Control and Vehicular Control: Implications for Multimodal Perception and Simulation of Self-Motion

2018 ◽  
pp. 122-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Riccio
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Multimodal Perception

From Movement to Action

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Mason
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Self Motion

Tracts descending from motor control centers in the brainstem and cortex target motor interneurons and in select cases motoneurons. The mechanisms and constraints of postural control are elaborated and the effect of body mass on posture discussed. Feed-forward reflexes that maintain posture during standing and other conditions of self-motion are described. The role of descending tracts in postural control and the pathological posturing is described. Pyramidal (corticospinal and corticobulbar) and extrapyramidal control of body and face movements is contrasted. Special emphasis is placed on cortical regions and tracts involved in deliberate control of facial expression; these pathways are contrasted with mechanisms for generating emotional facial expressions. The signs associated with lesions of either motoneurons or motor control centers are clearly detailed. The mechanisms and presentation of cerebral palsy are described. Finally, understanding how pre-motor cortical regions generate actions is used to introduce apraxia, a disorder of action.

scholarly journals Distinct Representations of Body and Head motion are Dynamically Encoded by Purkinje cell Populations in the Macaque Cerebellum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid A Zobeiri ◽  
Kathleen E Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Body Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Representation ◽  
Self Motion

The ability to accurately control our posture and perceive spatial orientation during self-motion requires knowledge of the motion of both the head and body. However, whereas the vestibular sensors and nuclei directly encode head motion, no sensors directly encode body motion. Instead, the integration of vestibular and neck proprioceptive inputs is necessary to transform vestibular information into the body-centric reference frame required for postural control. The anterior vermis of the cerebellum is thought to play a key role in this transformation, yet how its Purkinje cells integrate these inputs or what information they dynamically encode during self-motion remains unknown. Here we recorded the activity of individual anterior vermis Purkinje cells in alert monkeys during passively applied whole-body, body-under-head, and head-on-body rotations. Most neurons dynamically encoded an intermediate representation of self-motion between head and body motion. Notably, these neurons responded to both vestibular and neck proprioceptive stimulation and showed considerable heterogeneity in their response dynamics. Furthermore, their vestibular responses demonstrated tuning in response to changes in head-on-body position. In contrast, a small remaining percentage of neurons sensitive only to vestibular stimulation unambiguously encoded head-in-space motion across conditions. Using a simple population model, we establish that combining responses from 40 Purkinje cells can explain the responses of their target neurons in deep cerebellar nuclei across all self-motion conditions. We propose that the observed heterogeneity in Purkinje cells underlies the cerebellum's capacity to compute the dynamic representation of body motion required to ensure accurate postural control and perceptual stability in our daily lives.

Vestibular-Neck Interaction and Transformation of Sensory Coordinates

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-365
Author(s):  
T. Mergner ◽  
W. Huber ◽  
W. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Coordinate Transformations ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Postural Stabilization ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
Self Motion

The article considers findings and concepts on vestibular-proprioceptive interaction for self-motion perception and postural control under the form of simple describing models. It points out that vestibular-neck interaction is only a small fraction of an extended mechanism of coordinate transformations. This links together the different parts of our bodies, so that sensory information arising in one part of the body can be used for perceptual or motor tasks in other parts. Particular emphasis is put on the problems that arise from imperfect signal transduction in the vestibular semicircular canal systems at low stimulus frequencies/velocities. Also, a “down-and-up-channeling” principle is suggested, by which the body support is linked via coordinate transformations to the internal notion of physical space provided by the vestibular system. Furthermore, the following question is addressed: how does the brain use visual input to overcome the vestibular deficiencies, at the risk of visual self-motion illusions? Finally, a conceptual model of postural control is presented in which a proprioceptive feedback that links the body to its support surface is merged with a loop for postural stabilization in space.

A Study on Proprioception and Peripheral Vision in Synesthesia and Immersion

Leonardo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perceptual Illusion ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sensory Activity ◽  
The One ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Multimodal Perception ◽  
The Relationship

Building on the one hand on the link between immersion and peripheral vision, and on the other hand on the visually induced perceptual illusion of self-motion (vection), the author examines synesthesia through the relationship between peripheral vision and proprioception. The author maintains that immersion in installations results from multimodal perception grounded in motor-sensory activity, and he considers installations and scenographies in which the viewer’s peripheral vision, balance, motion and posture play an important role.

scholarly journals Larger head displacement to optic flow presented in the lower visual field.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanon Fujimoto ◽  
Hiroshi Ashida
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Postural Adjustment ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Postural Response ◽  
Head Displacement ◽  
Upper Visual Field ◽  
Self Motion

Optic flow that simulates self-motion often produces postural adjustment. Although literature suggested that human postural control considerably depends on visual inputs from the lower field in the environment, effects of the vertical location of optic flow are not well investigated on postural response. Here, we examined whether optic flow presented in the lower visual field produces a stronger postural response than optic flow in the upper visual field. Either expanding or contracting the optic flow was presented in three visual locations (upper, lower, and full visual fields) on an Oculus Rift head-mounted display. Head displacement and vection strength was measured. Results showed larger head displacement under the optic flow presentation in the lower visual field, than in the upper visual field, but only for the early period of the presentation of the contracting optic flow. Full visual field condition also produced larger head displacement than the upper visual field condition, but for contraction only. Vection was stronger for the lower visual field than the upper visual field, stronger for full visual field than upper and lower visual field. Our findings support the notion that more ecologically relevant information has a more important role in human postural control and self-motion perception.

scholarly journals Postural sway in the moving room scenario: New evidence for functional dissociation between self-motion perception and postural control

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257212
Author(s):  
Kentaro Horiuchi ◽  
Kuniyasu Imanaka ◽  
Masami Ishihara
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Optical Flow ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Pendular Movement ◽  
Self Motion

Postural control in quiet standing is often explained by a reflexive response to optical flow, the apparent motion of environmental objects in a visual scene. However, moving room experiments show that even small-amplitude body sway can evoke odd sensations or motion sickness, indicating that a consciousness factor may also be involved. Studies targeting perception of self-motion, vection, typically use rapid visual stimuli moving in a single direction to maintain a constant feeling of vection, and there are few studies of vection using low-speed sinusoidal visual stimuli similar to human pendular movement. In the present study we searched for changes in postural control during periods of vection during quiet standing. Participants (N = 19, age = 20.4 ±1.1 years) were shown dynamic visual stimuli in the form of sinusoidally expanding and contracting random dots, and the stimuli speed and visual field were manipulated. Posture was continually evaluated using Center of Pressure (CoP) measurements. Participants were also asked to report feelings of vection, both by pressing a button during the trial and through an overall rating at the end of each trial. Using repeated-measures ANOVA, we assessed changes in the CoP and vection variables between experimental conditions, as well as possible interactions between the variables. The results show that postural reaction and vection were both affected by the visual stimuli and varied with speed. The peripheral visual field was found to couple to stronger feeling of vection and better quality of postural control. However, no significant relationship between postural control and vection, nor evidence of vection interaction to the relationship between optical flow and postural control, was found. Based on our results we conclude that for postural stability during quiet standing, visual cues dominate over any potential consciousness factor arising due to vection.

Color effects on self-motion perception

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Bonato ◽  
Andrea Bubka
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Self Motion

Effect of localized muscle fatigue induced at different joints on postural control

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navrag B. Singh ◽  
Maury A. Nussbaum ◽  
Dingding Lin ◽  
Michael L. Madigan
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Localized Muscle Fatigue
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