Factorial Analysis of Variance

This study examined attention allocation in 30 marksmen categorized into 3 skill levels ranging from expert to novice. Each shooter performed 336 shooting trials. Half of the trials were performed under an occluded-vision condition and the rest under regular, unoccluded conditions. Immediately after completion of a random subset of shots (96 trials), shooters estimated the actual location of each shot, and on a random subset of trials (48 trials), shooters gave retrospective verbal reports. A mixed 3 × 2 factorial analysis of variance revealed that the expert marksmen performed and estimated their shots more accurately than the intermediate and novice marksmen, the intermediates performed like the experts under the full-vision condition and like novices under the occluded-vision condition, and the experts reported attending more to nonvisual information while they estimated their shots than did the novices. The findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms mediating expertise.

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Preferences for Single Tone Stimuli

Journal of Research in Music Education ◽

10.2307/3345314 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 136-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven K. Hedden

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Factorial Analysis ◽

Wave Form ◽

Music Majors ◽

Single Tone ◽

Main Effect ◽

Pure Tones ◽

Nonmusic Majors ◽

Tonal Stimuli ◽

Frequency Intensity

This research used a factorial analysis of variance to examine preferences for tonal stimuli that differed in frequency, intensity, or wave form. For the sample of music majors, wave form appeared to have the greatest effect on preferences; pure tones were most preferred. The main effect for intensity also was significant, as was the interaction of intensity and wave form. For the sample of nonmusic majors, the predominant influence on preferences seemed to be intensity. The nonmusic majors preferred the softer of the two levels. In addition, the main effect for wave form was significant, as were the interactions of wave form with intensity and frequency with intensity.

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An Analysis of Variance Model for Assessing Reliability of Naturalistic Observations

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1978.47.1.271 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 271-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ronald A. Berk

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Interrater Reliability ◽

Factorial Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Variance Model ◽

Unbiased Estimates ◽

Variance Approach

This paper presents a subjects × raters partially nested factorial analysis of variance model for estimating coefficients of interrater reliability. Procedures and formulae are described for computing unbiased estimates using the between-subjects and error mean squares from the model. Inclusion or exclusion of rater variance in the estimates is also discussed. Nine specific advantages for using the analysis of variance approach over existing methods are listed. A direction for future research on reliability is suggested.

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Immediate versus Remote Judgements: Delay of Response and Rate of Stimulus Presentation in Time Estimation

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1998.86.1.19 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 19-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

William F. Vitulli ◽

Kathleen A. Crimmins

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Time Estimation ◽

Stimulus Presentation ◽

Factorial Analysis ◽

Subjective Time ◽

Target Interval ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Time Estimates ◽

Verbal Estimation ◽

Main Effects

A systematic replication of Vitulli and Shepard's 1996 study showed that a change in response requirements (verbal estimation) from circling time intervals on a scoring sheet in the older study to writing subjective time estimates in the present study did not alter the robust effects of a delay in retrospective judgement. A complete 2×2×2 factorial analysis of variance showed main effects for rate (fast versus slow) of stimulus (random digits, 1–5) presentation and delay of estimate (immediate versus remote), yet there were no interactions among rate, delay, or sex. The interpolation of “filler tasks” between the end of the target interval and subjective estimate of the duration of the target interval significantly increased perceived time compared to estimates made immediately after the target interval.

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