Preferences for Single Tone Stimuli

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven K. Hedden
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Single Tone ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Nonmusic Majors ◽  
Tonal Stimuli ◽  
Frequency Intensity

This research used a factorial analysis of variance to examine preferences for tonal stimuli that differed in frequency, intensity, or wave form. For the sample of music majors, wave form appeared to have the greatest effect on preferences; pure tones were most preferred. The main effect for intensity also was significant, as was the interaction of intensity and wave form. For the sample of nonmusic majors, the predominant influence on preferences seemed to be intensity. The nonmusic majors preferred the softer of the two levels. In addition, the main effect for wave form was significant, as were the interactions of wave form with intensity and frequency with intensity.

Factors Related to Loneliness

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Barretta ◽  
Debbie Dantzler ◽  
Wesley Kayson
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Older Subjects

To examine the relations of sex, age, and alcohol with loneliness, 294 subjects completed the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, a 20-item rating scale which measures satisfaction and dissatisfaction with current social relationships. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial analysis of variance of the loneliness scores indicated a significant main effect for age, with older subjects rating loneliness higher than younger subjects. There was also a significant interaction between age and alcohol use Older subjects who reported consuming alcohol on more days also rated loneliness higher whereas younger subjects who reported consuming alcohol on more days were least lonely.

Listeners’ Perceptions of Choral Performances With Static and Expressive Movement

2021 ◽  
pp. 002242942098383
Author(s):  
Jessica Nápoles ◽  
John M. Geringer ◽  
Kari Adams ◽  
D. Gregory Springer
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Written Responses ◽  
Tone Quality ◽  
Expressive Movement ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Nonmusic Majors

We examined how movement impacted listeners’ perceptions of choral performances. Participants ( N = 115; n = 60 nonmusic majors, n = 55 music majors) viewed excerpts of Moses Hogan’s “Didn’t My Lord Deliver Daniel” under four conditions: good tone/expressive movement (GT/EM), good tone/static movement (GT/SM), poor tone/expressive movement (PT/EM), and poor tone/static movement (PT/SM). They rated tone quality and overall expressivity for each excerpt. We found a significant multivariate main effect for the examples. For both tone quality and expressivity, participants rated the examples in the following order from highest to lowest: GT/EM, GT/SM, PT/SM, and PT/EM. There was a significant interaction between the examples and participants’ major. Music majors rated the GT/EM example higher than the nonmusic majors but rated the other three examples lower than the nonmajors. Expressive movement seemed to enhance ratings of expressivity when performed with good tone but detracted when the tone was poor. In written responses, majors distinguished between expressive movement and tone consistently, while nonmajors could not consistently separate what they were seeing from what they were hearing.

Hearing in Mice via GSR Audiometry

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles I. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Sensitivity Curve ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Eighth Nerve ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Frequency Intensity ◽  
Near Threshold

Hearing in mice has been difficult to measure behaviorally. With GSR as the basic tool, the sensitivity curve to pure tones in mice has been successfully outlined. The most sensitive frequency-intensity combination was 15 000 cps at 0-5 dB re: 0.0002 dyne/cm 2 , with responses noted from 1 000 to beyond 70 000 cps. Some problems of reliability of conditioning were encountered, as well as findings concerning the inverse relationship between the size of GSR to unattenuated tones and the sound pressure necessary to elicit conditioned responses at or near threshold. These data agree well with the sensitivity of single units of the eighth nerve of the mouse.

Nine, Seven, Five, or Three: How Many Figures Do We Need for Assessing Body Image?

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neala Ambrosi-Randić ◽  
Alessandra Pokrajac-Bulian ◽  
Vladimir Takšić
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

320 Croatian female students ( M = 20.4 yr.) were recruited to examine the validity and reliability of figural scales using different numbers of stimuli (3, 5, 7, and 9) and different serial presentation (serial and nonserial order). A two-way analysis of variance (4 numbers × 2 orders of stimuli) was performed on ratings of current self-size and ideal size as dependent variables. Analysis indicated a significant main effect of number of stimuli. This, together with post hoc tests indicated that ratings were significantly different for a scale of three figures from scales of more figures, which in turn did not differ among themselves. Main effects of order of stimuli, as well as the interaction, were not significant. The results support the hypothesis that the optimal number of figures on a scale is seven plus (or minus) two.

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