National and State Parks

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-98
Author(s):  
Natali Hritonenko ◽  
Yuri Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Fuller ◽  
◽  
Sydney L. Brown
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Jenkins ◽  
Leo Ohyama ◽  
Federico López‐Borghesi ◽  
Jacob D. Hart ◽  
Juan D. Bogotá‐Gregory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson F. Santos ◽  
Amanda A. O. do Carmo ◽  
Vanessa C. Harthman ◽  
Mariza B. Romagnolo ◽  
Luiz A. Souza

The Rubiaceae tribe Psychotrieae sensu lato and its two largest genera, Psychotria L. and Palicourea Aubl., have been considered taxonomically controversial for a long time. We aimed to identify structural features of the ontogeny of the fruits and seeds with taxonomic potential for the tribe by using species of these two genera, and Rudgea jasminoides (Cham.) Müll.Arg. The samples were obtained from a herbarium and from Brazilian state parks, and sectioned by using a rotation microtome. The fruits were found to be derived from an inferior ovary, and were characterised by a fleshy mesocarp and sclerenchymatic sinuate pyrene. The seeds were pachychalazal and arillate. The fruit was classified as a pomaceous drupoid nuculanium. The investigation showed the utility of some fruit features to discriminate species. Our study also showed that ontogenetic features of fruits and seeds are very homogeneous in Palicourea and Psychotria, which supports the inclusion of both genera in the tribe Psychotrieae.


Author(s):  
Joni Downs ◽  
Mehrdad Vaziri ◽  
Abigail Lavallin ◽  
Kristi Miley

Equestrian trail riding is a popular recreational activity but can expose horses and riders to arboviral diseases, such as Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEEV). This study uses a geographic information system (GIS) -based risk index model to measure and map risk associated with EEEV transmission to horses on equine trails in State Parks across Florida. The risk model assesses EEEV transmission risk of individual trail locations on a continuous scale of 0.0 (no measurable risk) to 1.0 (maximal risk). Risk is evaluated based on the composition and configuration of habitat types that support vectors and hosts of the virus. The results suggest that visitors using equestrian trails in the Florida State Park System may potentially be exposed to high levels of EEEV risk during times that the virus is actively circulating. Accordingly, park management strategies are recommended for reducing transmission risk to both horses and riders in areas where risk is high.


Science ◽  
1921 ◽  
Vol 53 (1373) ◽  
pp. 380-380
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Alessandra Freire Reis ◽  
Odaléia Telles Marcondes Machado Queiroz

A discussão sobre a concessão das unidades de conservação é extremamente importante e tem gerado polêmica no Estado de São Paulo, devido à aprovação da Lei Nº 16.260, de 29 de junho de 2016, que “autoriza a Fazenda do Estado a conceder a exploração de serviços ou o uso, total ou parcial, de áreas em próprios estaduais”. A pesquisa e o debate sobre o tema são fundamentais para compreensão e reflexão das possibilidades e consequências da escolha deste caminho para as UCs, ainda que estes devessem anteceder a tomada de decisão. As atividades turísticas e de lazer estão dentre os principais serviços a serem concedidos a iniciativa privada nos Parques Estaduais. Embora essas atividades estejam dentre os objetivos deste tipo de categoria de UC é preeminente ressaltar que a conservação deve nortear a gestão. O Estado é responsável por proteger importantes fragmentos de Mata Atlântica e Cerrado, em áreas com diferentes tipos de ocupação e pressão. Para tanto, necessita de investimento em pessoal capacitado, infraestrutura e equipamentos, além do apoio e diálogo com comunidades tradicionais, que tenham relação com as áreas. O que se observa atualmente é a precarização dos serviços prestados, em que os servidores públicos não têm plano de carreira e os guarda-parques, funcionários primordiais para essas áreas, estão se extinguindo e com eles todo um rico conhecimento. A maioria dos gestores é comissionada e em alguns casos não tem formação adequada para função. A fiscalização é terceirizada e patrimonial deixando que a Floresta propriamente dita, fique a mercê de usos indevidos e inadequados como ocupação irregular, extração de flora, caça, depósito de entulhos, entre outros. É fato que as atividades de uso público realizadas atualmente estão aquém das possibilidades dos parques. A concessão de serviços como alimentação, hospedagem, aluguel de equipamentos e implantação de estruturas para atividades de ecoturismo podem sim ser uma alternativa para dinamizar o uso desses espaços e gerar recursos. Há diversos exemplos de sucesso no exterior e no Brasil, que podem ser inspiradores. Porém, é necessário fundamentalmente que o Estado assuma a responsabilidade legal de salvaguardar as UCs, valorizando a carreira dos servidores públicos investindo em concursos e capacitações. Somente com uma estrutura organizacional fortalecida será possível conduzir com eficiência processos de concessão, que contribuam com a otimização de uso adequado desses espaços. As UCs fornecem serviços ambientais imensuráveis e dentre eles estão às oportunidades turismo, lazer e recreação. Tourism Concessions in Protected Areas of São Paulo state (Brazil): reflections, opportunities and challenges ABSTRACT The discussion on the concession of protected areas is extremely important and has generated controversy in the State of São Paulo, due to the approval of the draft law Nº 16.260, that "authorizes the State Treasury to grant the exploitation of services or use of all or part of areas in state themselves." Research and debate on the subject are fundamental to understanding and reflection of the possibilities and consequences of choosing this way for protected area, even if they were to precede decision-making. Tourist and leisure activities are among the main services to be granted to private initiative in the State Parks. Although these activities are among the goals of that category of PA is paramount to emphasize that conservation should guide the management. The State is responsible for protecting important fragments of Atlantic Forest and Savannah, in areas with different types of occupation and pressure. Therefore, it needs investment in trained personnel, infrastructure and equipment, and support and dialogue with traditional communities that relate to the areas. What we currently see is the precariousness of services, where public servants have no career plan and park rangers, primary staff to these areas, they are dying off and with them a whole wealth of knowledge. Most managers are commissioned and in some cases do not have adequate training to function. The inspection is outsourced and property letting the forest itself, be at the mercy of undue and inappropriate uses such as illegal occupation, flora extraction, hunting, debris deposit, among others. It is true that the public use activities currently performed are beyond the means of the parks. The concession of services such as food, lodging, equipment rental and implementation of ecotourism activities to structures can indeed be an alternative to boost the use of these spaces and generate resources. There are many examples of success in Brazil and abroad, which can be inspiring. However, it is fundamentally necessary that the State assumes the legal responsibility to safeguard the protected areas, enhancing the careers of public servants investing in competitions and training. Only with a strengthened organizational structure will be possible to drive efficiently concession processes that contribute to the optimization of appropriate use of these spaces. PAs provide immeasurable environmental services and among them are the opportunities tourism, leisure and recreation. KEYWORDS: State Parks; Public Use; Management; Conservation.


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