Effects of industrial by-products on the food chain

2017 ◽  
pp. 539-542
Author(s):  
B. Tóth ◽  
Cs. Bojtor ◽  
G. Hankovszky ◽  
D. Kaczur ◽  
Á. Illés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Fumonisin Distribution in Maize Dry-Milling Products and By-Products: Impact of Two Industrial Degermination Systems

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Vanara ◽  
Valentina Scarpino ◽  
Massimo Blandino
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Maize Flour ◽  
By Products

In temperate areas, the main limitation to the use of maize in the food chain is its contamination by B-series fumonisins (FBs) during cultivation. Since the content of this group of mycotoxins may be distributed unevenly after milling, the aim of this study was to compare the distribution of FBs in maize fractions derived from two industrial dry-milling processes, that is, a dry-degermination (DD) system and a tempering-degermination (TD) system. Grain cleaning reduces FBs by about 42%. The germ of the two degermination processes showed a similar FB content of kernel after cleaning. Conversely, an animal feed flour resulted in a FB content that was two times higher than whole grain before cleaning. A significant FB reduction was observed in the milling fractions in both processes, with a higher reduction in the TD system than in the DD one. The average decontamination respect to uncleaned kernels in the DD process was 50%, 83% and 87%, for maize flour, break meal and pearl meal, respectively, while it was 78%, 88% and 94% in the TD process for small, medium and flaking grits, respectively. Among the milling fractions, the flaking grits with the highest particle size resulted in the highest FB reduction.

PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in feeding fats obtained as co-products or by-products derived from the food chain

Chemosphere ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ábalos ◽  
J. Parera ◽  
E. Abad ◽  
J. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds from Vine Shoots, Grape Stalks, and Wine Lees: Their Potential Use in Agro-Food Chains

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Marica Troilo ◽  
Graziana Difonzo ◽  
Vito M. Paradiso ◽  
Carmine Summo ◽  
Francesco Caponio
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
By Products ◽  
Grape Stalks

The winemaking sector is one of the most productive worldwide, and thus it also generates large amounts of by-products with high environmental impacts. Furthermore, global market trends and government regulations promote industrial alternatives based on sustainable production processes. As a result, several studies have focused their attention on the reuse of grape by-products in the agro-food chain. Vine shoots, grape stalks, and wine lees, although produced to a lesser extent than grape pomace, have increasingly been receiving attention for their applications in the food sector, since they are a good source of functional and bioactive compounds. In this framework, our review highlights the promising results obtained by exploiting the antioxidant and/or antimicrobial activity of vine shoots, grape stalks, and wine lees or their extracts to replace the most common oenological additives and to assay the activity against food pathogens. Further, innovative functional foods and sustainable food packaging have been formulated by taking advantage of polyphenols and fiber, as well as plant bio-stimulants, in order to obtain grapes and wines with high quality characteristics. Overall, these by-products showed the potential to be recycled into the food chain as functional additives for different products and applications, supporting the sustainability of the winemaking sector.

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Lallas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Stockholm Convention ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Environmental Transport ◽  
Proper Disposal ◽  
By Products

In May 2001, at a diplomatic conference in Stockholm, Sweden, the international community adopted and opened for signature the new Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Stockholm Convention). Over ninety nations signed the convention at the conference, and one country—Canada—ratified it. The Stockholm Convention is designed to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants (POPs)—chemical substances that are persistent and toxic, that bioaccumulate in fatty tissue (achieving higher concentrations as they move up a particular food chain), and that are prone to long-range environmental transport. Among other things, the convention contains obligations to eliminate or severely restrict the production and use of a number of POP pesticides and industrial chemicals, to take strong measures to prevent or control the release of certain POPs that are formed as by-products of various combustion activities, and to ensure the safe and proper disposal or destruction of such substances when they become wastes.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

Bright-Field Images (Ctem) of Phase Objects at High Resolution

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 490-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
By Products ◽  
Test Objects

We have developed a technique to prepare thin single crystal films of graphite for use as supporting films for high resolution electron microscopy. As we showed elsewhere (1), these films are completely noiseless and therefore can be used in the observation of phase objects by CTEM, such as single atoms or molecules as a means for overcoming the difficulties because of the background noise which appears with amorphous carbon supporting films, even though they are prepared so as to be less than 20Å thick. Since the graphite films are thinned by reaction with WO3 crystals under electron beam irradiation in the microscope, some small crystallites of WC or WC2 are inevitably left on the films as by-products. These particles are usually found to be over 10-20Å diameter but very fine particles are also formed on the film and these can serve as good test objects for studying the image formation of phase objects.

Moving Up The Food Chain

2011 ◽  
pp. 030811155447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain
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