Yield Loss of Field Corn from Insects

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Culy
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Corn

Using Estimates of Weed Pressure to Establish Crop Yield Loss Equations

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon Harvey ◽  
Clark R. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Total Crop

Herbicide efficacy trials in field corn, sweet corn, and soybean were conducted at three locations in Wisconsin over a 6-yr period. Percent weed pressure (WP) was determined by visually estimating the contribution of all weed species present to the total crop and weed volume in each plot. Crop yields in each plot were measured. Percent crop yield reduction (YLDRED) was calculated by comparing mean yields of individual treatments with those of the highest yielding treatment in each trial. Linear regression analyses of YLDRED and WP data from 1640 field corn and 138 sweet corn treatments were significant. Nonlinear regression analysis of YLDRED and WP data from all 1374 soybean treatments was significant; however, a linear regression of those 1154 soybean treatments with WP ratings of 30 or less produced a more easily interpreted regression equation.

Economic Evaluation of Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Competition in Field Corn

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyland R. Falkenberg ◽  
Todd J. Cogdill ◽  
M. Edward Rister ◽  
James M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Corn Prices ◽  
Extended Duration ◽  
Crop Planting

Field studies were conducted near College Station, TX, in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the economic impact of common sunflower interference in field corn. A density of one common sunflower per 6 m of crop row caused a yield loss of 293 kg ha−1. Estimated losses at a net corn price of $0.08 kg−1was $92 ha−1for infestation levels of four common sunflower plants per 6 m of row. Corn yield was increased by 32 kg ha−1by each 1,000 plant ha−1increase in corn planting density. Corn planting densities of 49,400 and 59,300 plants ha−1provided the greatest net returns with or without the presence of common sunflower competition. Corn yields were reduced by extended duration of sunflower competition, with losses exceeding 1,500 kg ha−1per week and increasing in magnitude at a decreasing rate throughout the growing season. Herbicide treatments provided net returns of $600 to $1,300 ha−1above no weed control in both 2006 and 2007. Net returns of $609 and $653 ha−1were obtained without the use of any herbicide for sunflower control. Determining the economic impact of common sunflower interference in field corn allows producers to estimate the overall net return on the basis of duration of common sunflower interference and density, while considering varying net corn prices, crop planting density, and herbicide application costs.

scholarly journals Peanut Response to Preemergence Applications of Metribuzin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Prostko ◽  
L.C. Hand ◽  
O.W. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Amaranth Seed

Herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth is one of the most problematic weeds in agronomic cropping systems in Georgia. The wide germination window of Palmer amaranth seed allows it to emerge after field corn harvest, and if left uncontrolled, can contribute significantly to the weed seed-bank causing problems in future rotational crops. One option for a lay-by (in-crop) or post-harvest burndown application in field corn for postemergence and residual control of Palmer amaranth is metribuzin. However, the current metribuzin label prohibits peanut planting for 18 months after application. Peanut tolerance to metribuzin has not been well documented. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of peanut to metribuzin. Field studies were conducted in 2017-2019 in Ty Ty, GA to evaluate the tolerance of peanut to various rates of metribuzin. In a RCBD with four replications, metribuzin was applied preemergence (two days after planting) at 0, 70, 140, 280, 420, and 560 g ai/ha. Rainfall in the first month after planting was 13.1, 15.9, and 11.8 cm for 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Data were subjected to nonlinear regression using log-logistic analysis to demonstrate a dose-response relationship. Year by treatment interactions were significant for late season injury, so data were separated by year. However, early season injury, stand loss, and yield loss data were pooled over years. There was a direct relationship between rate and the response variables. As metribuzin rate increased, injury, stand loss and yield loss increased. Generally, visual injury, stand loss, and yield loss were negligible at rates less than or equal to 140 g ai/ha. With a targeted application rate of 280 g ai/ha and an estimated half-life of 30 to 60 days, metribuzin residues should have minimal impact on peanut grown in rotation when used in lay-by or post-harvest treatments for the prevention of Palmer amaranth seed rain in field corn.

scholarly journals Simulated Single Drift Events of 2,4-D and Dicamba on Pecan Trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lenny Wells ◽  
Eric P. Prostko ◽  
O. Wendell Carter
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Target Movement ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Significant Injury ◽  
Commercial Introduction

A large number of agronomic and horticultural crops are susceptible to injury and yield loss from drift-level exposures to synthetic auxin herbicides. A new generation of genetically modified crops including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), field corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), and canola (Brassica napus) with resistance to dicamba and 2,4-D herbicides has been developed to address the problem of glyphosate-resistant weeds. In the few years since their commercial introduction, these technologies have been rapidly adopted. The objective of this study was to determine the potential effects of simulated, single drift events of 2,4-D and dicamba on pecan (Carya illinoinensis) trees. 2,4-D amine [3.8 lb/gal acid equivalent (a.e.)] or dicamba-Diglycolamine salt (4.0 lb/gal a.e.) were applied in 1.0%, 0.1%, and 0.01% by volume spray solutions to pecan trees in June 2013. In 2016 and 2017, 2,4-D choline (3.8 lb/gal a.e.) or dicamba-N,N-Bis-(3-aminopropyl) methylamine (5.0 lb/gal a.e.) were applied in 1.0%, 0.1%, and 0.01% by volume spray solutions to pecan trees in May. These results suggest that serious injury can occur to pecan trees receiving a drift application of 1.0% by volume dicamba or 2,4-D. This injury includes deformed foliage, dead foliage, dead limbs, and/or branches, and arrested nut development. There were no major differences in the response of pecan to either dicamba or 2,4-D at similar rates in this study. Pecan damage resulting from off-target movement of 2,4-D and dicamba at rates ≥1% by volume has the potential to cause significant injury. Yield was not negatively affected by any of the treatments, suggesting that pecan trees can compensate for the observed injury to some extent. The effect of treatments on percent kernel was variable.

Impact of lamb’s-quarters, common ragweed and green foxtail on yield of corn and soybean in Ontario

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Damage Function ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

Field studies were conducted in Harrow, Ontario, from 1990 to 1993 to quantify the relationship between yield of field corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and density of lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.]. Experiments were conducted separately for each weed and crop combination. Weeds emerged at the same time as or within a week of the crop. Coefficients of the rectangular hyperbolic damage function were estimated for each year and pooled over years. In both crops, lamb’s-quarters was the most competitive of the three weed species, and green foxtail was the least competitive at low densities. Maximum yield loss at high weed density varied with weed species in field corn, but not in soybean. The estimated competition coefficients of the damage function have been incorporated in a decision support system for integrated weed management in Ontario. Key words: Weed interference, yield loss

Practical Changes to Single-Boom Sprayers for Zone Herbicide Application

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 502-510
Author(s):  
William W. Donald ◽  
Kelly Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
Generic Alternative ◽  
Reduced Rate

Reduced-rate zone herbicide application (ZHA) consists of banding reduced herbicide rates between crop rows (≤ full broadcast registered rate, 1×) and banding much reduced herbicide rates over crop rows (≪ 1×). The objective of this research was to compare the mechanically complicated dual-boom ZHA sprayer with a much simpler, single-boom ZHA sprayer for controlling giant foxtail and common waterhemp in field corn in 2003 and 2004 in Missouri. The dual-boom ZHA sprayer employed two different herbicide solutions, which were propelled through two booms on separate sprayer systems to apply different herbicide rates over in-row and between-row areas while maintaining similar carrier volumes and coverage through two booms. In contrast, the single-boom ZHA sprayer is a mechanically simpler system in which both herbicide rates and carrier volumes were varied across one boom over in-row (IR) and between-row (BR) areas. In single-boom ZHA, two different nozzle tips were alternated on one boom over in-row and between-row areas, the number of nozzles per boom was doubled, and the distance between nozzles was halved compared with a conventional sprayer boom. In a 2-yr study, these different ZHA sprayers were used to apply preemergence atrazine + S-metolachlor between and over crop rows at various reduced rates (1× = 2,240 + 1,750 g ai/ha, respectively). Among all single- and dual-boom ZHA sprayer treatments and the weed-free checks, corn yields and in-row total weed cover were statistically indistinguishable for both years and for between-row total weed cover in 1 of 2 yr. In both years, a single-boom ZHA system prevented yield loss from competing weeds as effectively as the dual-boom ZHA system. The new single-boom ZHA system is a mechanically simple, inexpensive, generic alternative for reducing herbicide rates and lowering input costs.

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