PLANT-ASSOCIATED TOXINS IN THE HUMAN FOOD SUPPLY

1998 ◽  
pp. 329-356
Keyword(s):  
PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e21363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth J. Eilers ◽  
Claire Kremen ◽  
Sarah Smith Greenleaf ◽  
Andrea K. Garber ◽  
Alexandra-Maria Klein
Keyword(s):  

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 1636-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hanson ◽  
Diane Holt

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the sustainable food procurement (SFP) of members of the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (BIAZA). It also considered the inconsistencies between their animal and human food supply chains, as well as between their procurement priorities and practices. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative, cross-sectional approach was employed, involving the use of a web-based questionnaire to gather data from 41 BIAZA members across 21 indicators of food sustainability. The results were considered within a sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) framework. Findings – There was considerable variation amongst the issues considered by zoos during the SFP process for their animal and human food operations. For both, local expenditure, nutritional content and packaging reduction were some of the highest scoring indicators in practice and as priorities. The overall levels of SFP were found to be equal between the human and animal food supply chains. Significantly low levels of inconsistency were found between the two, practically and in terms of procurement aspirations. Within both supply chains, there was also very few significant gaps between procurement priorities and actions. Originality/value – The originality of this study lies in its comparison of procurement practices and priorities for two contemporaneous but distinct food supply chains. It demonstrates that it is possible to have a high overall degree of consistency between two parallel, but contrasting, supply chains, as well as between procurement priorities and priorities. It will be of use in SSCM, particularly within values-led organisations.


Author(s):  
STEVEN M COLEGATE ◽  
JOHN A EDGAR ◽  
BRYAN L STEGELMEIER
Keyword(s):  

animal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1883-1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ertl ◽  
W. Knaus ◽  
W. Zollitsch

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2148-2156
Author(s):  
J. C. CHEN ◽  
B. A. CARLSON ◽  
J. N. SOFOS ◽  
G. C. SMITH ◽  
K. E. BELK ◽  
...  

Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants asymptomatically and may enter the human food supply through fecal contamination. A fraction of individuals infected by E. coli O157:H7 develop hemolytic uremic syndrome, a life-threatening condition. When individuals infected by E. coli O157:H7 are treated with certain antibiotics, an increased incidence of hemolytic uremic syndrome may result. This finding supports the need to identify novel compounds that can either reduce the load of E. coli O157:H7 entering the human food supply or serve as alternative therapeutic treatments for infected individuals. We developed a high-throughput turbidometric assay to identify novel compounds that inhibit E. coli O157:H7 growth. Pin transfers were performed to introduce small molecule libraries into 384-well plates, where each well contained approximately 5.0 log CFU of E. coli O157:H7. Plates were incubated at 37°C for 18 h, and the optical density was measured to determine the effect of each small molecule. A total of 64,562 compounds were screened in duplicate, and 43 unique compounds inhibited E. coli O157:H7 growth. Thirty-eight of the 43 inhibitory compounds belonged to known bioactive libraries, and the other 5 compounds were from commercial libraries derived from splitting and pooling. Inhibitory compounds from known bioactive libraries were most frequently therapeutic antibiotics (n = 34) but also included an antiviral compound, a compound that disrupts the citric acid cycle, and two biguanide compounds, which have been used for various nonclinical applications. We identified two novel compounds (i.e., biguanides) that should be studied further for their ability to reduce pathogen populations in foods.


2015 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ertl ◽  
Hannes Klocker ◽  
Stefan Hörtenhuber ◽  
Wilhelm Knaus ◽  
Werner Zollitsch

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