- Methodological Issues in Conducting Epidemiological Research on Nutraceuticals

2016 ◽  
pp. 378-389
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Epidemiological Research

Epidemiology of old age psychiatry: an overview of concepts and main studies

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Minett ◽  
Blossom Stephan ◽  
Carol Brayne
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Rational Planning ◽  
The World ◽  
Old Age Psychiatry ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Epidemiology is the foundation of public health and rational planning of services. In the field of old age psychiatry, the information provided by epidemiological research has been highly influential. As the world older population is growing proportionally faster than the other age segments, there is a continuous need for further epidemiological research in old age psychiatry. Neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression and dementia, cognitive impairment, behavioural and functional decline, place a considerable onus on the health, social and economic systems. This chapter presents some of the world demographic data and basic epidemiological concepts, discusses some methodological issues in the epidemiology of mental disorders in old age, and presents a summary of many of the most important studies in this field.

Delirium

2020 ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Daniel Davis ◽  
Sarah Richardson ◽  
Esteban Sepulveda
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Population Impact ◽  
Key Questions

Delirium is a common and severe neuropsychiatric syndrome of brain dysfunction characterized by acute and fluctuating inattention and other cognitive and perceptual deficits precipitated by acute illness. Despite being first described by Hippocrates more than two thousand years ago, there exists considerable uncertainty regarding the diagnosis of delirium due to our limited understanding of fundamental concepts, including its definition and pathophysiology. The ensuing lack of standardization results in delirium being frequently undiagnosed and significant misclassification bias in existing research. This chapter discusses the descriptive epidemiology of delirium, including methodological issues around case ascertainment in different population and clinical settings. There remains a lack of epidemiological research in the field, but we indicate the potential for observational longitudinal studies to address key questions on the population impact of delirium alongside fundamental questions of major importance to patients and their families regarding outcomes after delirium.

scholarly journals Epidemiological foundations for the insurance hypothesis: Methodological considerations

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Boden ◽  
Geraldine F. H. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Insurance Hypothesis ◽  
Food Scarcity ◽  
Methodological Considerations

AbstractNettle et al. evaluate evidence for the insurance hypothesis, which links obesity with the perception of food scarcity. Epidemiological findings in this area have generally been weak and inconsistent. The present commentary examines three key methodological issues arising from the literature on the association between obesity and the perception of food scarcity in humans, with suggestions for future epidemiological research.

Toward a Cognitive-Affective Model of Athletic Burnout

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Exchange Model ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Way

Although athletic burnout is a frequent topic of discussion and speculation, little in the way of a conceptual model or empirical data currently exists. An attempt is made to incorporate what is known about the nature, causes, and consequences of burnout within a cognitive-affective model of stress and to note the parallel situational, cognitive, physiologic, and behavioral components of stress and burnout. Thibaut and Kelley's social exchange model is used to define the conditions under which withdrawal from a sport can be attributed to burnout. Empirical findings concerning the causes and consequences of burnout derived from nonathletic populations are incorporated within the athletic burnout model, and its implications for preventing and coping with burnout are discussed. A number of conceptual and methodological issues are discussed, including operationalizing and measuring athletic burnout, the need for epidemiological research, and the assessment of causal and moderator variables. Based upon the literature on burnout in nonsport environments and the literature on sources and consequences of athletic stress, a number of testable hypotheses are advanced.

Narratives and Goals

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M. Laham ◽  
Yoshihisa Kashima
Keyword(s):  
High Achievement ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Behavioral Task ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Goal Priming ◽  
Behavioral Assimilation ◽  
Construct Accessibility

Goals are a central feature of narratives, and, thus, narratives may be particularly potent means of goal priming. Two studies examined two features of goal priming (postdelay behavioral assimilation and postfulfillment accessibility) that have been theorized to distinguish goal from semantic construct priming. Across the studies, participants were primed with high achievement, either in a narrative or nonnarrative context and then completed either a behavioral task, followed by a measure of construct accessibility, or a behavioral task after a delay. Indicative of goal priming, narrative-primed participants showed greater postdelay behavioral assimilation and less postfulfillment accessibility than those exposed to the nonnarrative prime. The implications of goal priming from narratives are discussed in relation to both theoretical and methodological issues.

Effects of Psychotherapy on Brain Activation Patterns in Anxiety Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Straube
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Sample Characteristics

Abstract. Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for most mental disorders, including anxiety disorders. Successful psychotherapy implies new learning experiences and therefore neural alterations. With the increasing availability of functional neuroimaging methods, it has become possible to investigate psychotherapeutically induced neuronal plasticity across the whole brain in controlled studies. However, the detectable effects strongly depend on neuroscientific methods, experimental paradigms, analytical strategies, and sample characteristics. This article summarizes the state of the art, discusses current theoretical and methodological issues, and suggests future directions of the research on the neurobiology of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders.

DISAGREEMENT OVER METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
JAMES N. MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Issues
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