Animal Behavior and Comparative Psychology

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Dewsbury

The ArgumentEuropean ethology and North American comparative psychology have been the two most prominent approaches to the study of animal behavior through most of the twentieth century. In this paper I analyze sets of popular articles by ethologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and psychologist Frank Beach, in an effort to understand the contrasting rhetorical styles of the two. Among the numerous ways in which Tinbergen and Beach differed were with respect to expressing the joy of research, the kind of scientific approach adopted, their treatment of animals, their sense of history, and the types of illustrations they chose. In general, Tinbergen‘s articles placed him closer to nature and Beach‘s more in the tradition of dispassionate scientific inquiry. These differences in rhetoric may have been one factor in the greater success of ethology after World War II.


Author(s):  
Rachel T. Walker ◽  
Heather M. Hill

Comparative psychology has a long history of investigating topics that promote comparisons across disciplines, constructs, and species. One critical component of comparative analyses is to select the best data collection technique. Unfortunately, these observational skills are not always taught to individuals who need them the most, animal care professionals. To demonstrate the applicability of appropriate data collection techniques to this applied discipline, we conducted a multi-day workshop that provided attendees training and practice with several data collection techniques that could be used to evaluate animal behavior in both spontaneous and enrichment-provided settings. The program included (1) a presentation on different data collection techniques and the types of questions each technique can address, (2) two 20-minute sessions of observation practice at two different facilities, (3) a final summary presentation of the data collected, and (4) pre- and post-surveys conducted immediately before and at the end of the workshop. Out of 177 survey respondents, almost a third reported using behavioral data collection to manage animal behavior prior to the workshop. More than 90% of the respondents had heard of behavioral ethograms and 68% of the respondents had used one previously. Many of the respondents reported familiarity with different observation techniques. Eighty-two individuals completed the majority of the survey with 81% expressing satisfaction with the initial workshop presentation. Respondents completing both surveys showed significant improvement in their knowledge of behavioral data collection techniques. Ultimately, the workshop introduced and clarified behavioral observation techniques and their applications in a variety of contexts. Respondents indicated that they could and would utilize knowledge gained from the workshop at their own facilities.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Moriyama ◽  
Kohei Sonoda ◽  
Hanna Saito ◽  
Masao Migita

This study reconsiders the conventional definition of mind as “a part of a person that makes mental activity” and proposes an additional definition of mind as “the internal other”. In this paper, we investigate the substance of the internal other from the perspectives of comparative psychology, ethology, and neurophysiology, and propose the hypothesis that “behavioral inhibition network” corresponds with the internal other. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the authors investigate whether the behavioral inhibition network matches the mind that one experiences in their daily life.The behavioral inhibition network is a promising candidate for the source of endogenous fluctuations observed in animal behavior. In this paper, we introduce studies illustrating that the ability to generate behavioral fluctuation generates “emergent behavior”.We believe that this paper will be of interest to the readership of psychological journals because the authors introduce experimental results suggesting the possibility that plants and materials such as stones have a behavioral inhibition network. Approaching the substance of mind not only reveals that mind exists in all living things and materials, but also brings a new worldview that all living things and materials have creativity of generation of emergent behavior.


1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Pisula

Comparative psychology is a field of psychology with no clear paradigm. Most of the researchers dealing with problems of animal behavior refer to Tinbergen’s four questions about behavior or the proximate/ultimate causation dichotomy. The theory of integrative levels provides an alternative to a reductionistic approach to understanding behavior. This paper discusses these approaches. One potential advantage of the approach based on the integrative levels theory is presented using the example of exploratory behavior.


1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Howard Gray

A preliminary attempt is made to identify the progress of the study of animal behavior, from native bears to imported apes, in the Rocky Mountain region. The survey includes naturalistic encounters, ethological observations, and laboratory studies, but is not a complete enumeration of animal research in the Rocky Mountains.


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