Protein-Protein Functional Linkage Predictions: Bringing Regulation to Context

2016 ◽  
pp. 159-177
Author(s):  
Anne Hahn ◽  
Vijaykumar Muley
Keyword(s):  
Functional Linkage

Functional linkage as a direction for studies in oxidative stress: α-adrenergic receptorsThis review is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue on Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease.

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ziolkowski ◽  
Ashok K. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Functional Linkage ◽  
Protein Kinase C Activity ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Fine Regulation ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
G Protein Coupled

The α-adrenergic receptors (adrenoceptors) are activated by the endogenous agonists epinephrine and norepinephrine. They are G protein-coupled receptors that may be broadly classified into α1 (subclasses α1A, α1B, α1D) and α2 (subclasses α2A, α2B, α2C). The α1-adrenoceptors act by binding to Gαq subunits of the G proteins, causing activation of phospholipase C (PLC). PLC converts phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), which have downstream effects on cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. The α2-adrenoceptors bind to Gαi thus inhibiting adenylyl cyclase and decreasing cAMP levels. DAG alters protein kinase C activity and cAMP activates protein kinase A. The downstream pathways of the two receptors may also interact. Activation of α1- and α2-adrenoceptors in vascular smooth muscle results in vasoconstriction. However, the densities of individual receptor subclasses vary between vessel beds or between vessels of various sizes within the same bed. In vasculature, the densities of adrenoceptor subclasses differ between conduit arteries and arterioles. These differences, along with differences in coupling mechanisms, allow for fine regulation of arterial blood flow. This diversity is enhanced by interactions resulting from homo- and heterodimer formation of the receptors, metabolic pathways, and kinases. Reactive oxygen species generated in pathologies may alter α1- and α2-adrenoceptor cascades, change vascular contractility, or cause remodeling of blood vessels. This review emphasizes the need for understanding the functional linkage between α-adrenoceptor subtypes, coupling, cross talk, and oxidative stress in cardiovascular pathologies.

Functional linkage of H+/peptide transporter PEPT2 and Na+/H+ exchanger in primary cultures of astrocytes from mouse cerebral cortex

2005 ◽  
Vol 1044 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyuki Wada ◽  
Sakiko Miyakawa ◽  
Ayumi Shimada ◽  
Naoki Okada ◽  
Akira Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Functional Linkage ◽  
Mouse Cerebral Cortex

Mismatch of morphological and functional polycentricity in Chinese cities: An evidence from land development and functional linkage

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 104176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenze Yue ◽  
Tianyu Wang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Xinyue Ye
Keyword(s):  
Land Development ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Functional Linkage

scholarly journals In silico analysis of functional linkage among arsenic induced MATE genes in rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. e00390
Author(s):  
Snigdhamayee Seth ◽  
Sandip Debnath ◽  
N.R. Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Functional Linkage ◽  
Silico Analysis

The unity of characters: ecological and morphological specialisation in larvae of Hawaiian platynine Carabidae (Coleoptera)

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Liebherr
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Functional Linkage ◽  
History Information

Life history information and first instar egg bursters are compared for larvae of 25 species across the monophyletic radiation of Hawaiian Platynini (Coleoptera : Carabidae). The plesiotypic larval duration is approximately five weeks, with derived extension of the larval period having evolved during phylogenetic diversification of the radiation. This extension in larval duration is associated with vestigialisation of the metathoracic flight wings. Egg size is larger in those brachypterous species with slower developing larvae, reflecting pervasive ecological specialisation of these taxa in the isolated, favourable, and temporally stable habitats of Hawaiian montane forests. First instar egg bursters are also compared across these taxa, with evolution of a keel-like egg burster congruently defining a clade also characterised by longer larval duration and larger egg size. A functional linkage between egg burster configuration and egg size is rejected by lack of any association between egg size and egg burster type in the related genus Calathus. Such rejection does not reduce the value of the egg burster for phylogenetic inference. The ability to assess taxa for both life history traits and egg burster configuration argues for similar treatment of all such characters, both ecological and morphological, when estimating phylogeny.

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