Gender differences in the functional linkage between androgyny, social cognition, and competence.

The aim of this study was to explore gender differences in social cognition in a sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP). An observational descriptive study was performed with 191 individuals with FEP. Emotion perception was assessed using the Faces Test, theory of mind was assessed using the Hinting Task, and attributional style was assessed using the Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire. No gender differences were found in any of the social cognitive domains. Our results suggest that men and women with FEP achieve similar performances in social cognition. Therefore, targeting specific needs in social cognition regarding gender may not be required in early interventions for psychosis.

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Gender as Embedded Social Cognition

10.31234/osf.io/wvx2s ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amanda Diekman ◽

Toni Schmader

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Social Cognition ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Social Systems ◽

The Self ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Categories ◽

The Mind ◽

Gendered Expectations

We examine gender as a cultural construct enacted through social cognitive processes that are embedded within the self, social interactions, and societal institutions. The embeddedness perspective elaborates how the binary gender categorization can create quite real gendered outcomes and experiences even if gender differences are not biologically essential. These categories take on a reality outside of the mind of perceivers because the meanings attached to gender categories are shared by others in the culture, enacted in social interactions, internalized into self-views, and maintained by social systems. Societal institutions explicitly and implicitly organize around gender, producing gendered norms, roles, and expectations. These norms, roles, and expectations shape the nature of interpersonal interactions both within and across gender lines and an individual’s self-selected experiences. Critically, these social interactions and personal choices in turn create behavioral and cognitive confirmation of the gendered expectations of others. Gendered expectations and experiences become internalized into the self, including one’s own self-concept and gender identity. We close by examining implications of this perspective for gender differences and similarities in social cognition, as well as malleability and stability in gender cognitions and outcomes.

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Resonance in dance: The art of blending bodies

ARJ – Art Research Journal / Revista de Pesquisa em Artes ◽

10.36025/arj.v3i2.10755 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Edward C. Warburton

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Social Cognition ◽

Perspective Taking ◽

Conceptual Blending ◽

Learning By Imitation ◽

And Function ◽

Role And Function ◽

Reflective Processes

In dance, “resonance” describes a shared sense of energy, rhythm, flow, and coherence. Choreographers and dancers seek resonance for the purposes of creating and performing dance. I theorize that resonance is a kind of human social cognition in the context of self-other matching, which is defined as any phenomenon in which the observation of another’s behavior or state causes the observer’s behavior or state to become congruent with it. I review findings from cognitive and neuroscience to show that “resonance in dance” is a blend of feeling and knowing arising from somatomotor “reflexive” systems that prime more reflective processes like learning by imitation, perspective-taking, and empathy. I introduce the “embodied conceptual blending” hypothesis as a mechanism for dance resonating. I explore questions that arise about the role and function of resonance in dance and speculate on gender differences. Implications are discussed.

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Perception of Communicative and Non-communicative Motion-Defined Gestures in Parkinson’s Disease

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617716000114 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 540-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Abhishek Jaywant ◽

Victor Wasserman ◽

Maaria Kemppainen ◽

Sandy Neargarder ◽

Alice Cronin-Golomb

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Social Cognition ◽

Visual Perception ◽

Normal Control ◽

Biological Motion ◽

Education Level ◽

Point Light ◽

Communicative Gestures

AbstractObjectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with deficits in social cognition and visual perception, but little is known about how the disease affects perception of socially complex biological motion, specifically motion-defined communicative and non-communicative gestures. We predicted that individuals with PD would perform more poorly than normal control (NC) participants in discriminating between communicative and non-communicative gestures, and in describing communicative gestures. We related the results to the participants’ gender, as there are gender differences in social cognition in PD. Methods: The study included 23 individuals with PD (10 men) and 24 NC participants (10 men) matched for age and education level. Participants viewed point-light human figures that conveyed communicative and non-communicative gestures and were asked to describe each gesture while discriminating between the two gesture types. Results: PD as a group were less accurate than NC in describing non-communicative but not communicative gestures. Men with PD were impaired in describing and discriminating between communicative as well as non-communicative gestures. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated PD-related impairments in perceiving and inferring the meaning of biological motion gestures. Men with PD may have particular difficulty in understanding the communicative gestures of others in interpersonal exchanges. (JINS, 2016, 22, 1–11)

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Gender Differences in Social Cognition: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study of Recently Diagnosed Patients with Schizophrenia and Healthy Subjects

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743717746661 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (8) ◽

pp. 538-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Guillem Navarra-Ventura ◽

Sol Fernandez-Gonzalo ◽

Marc Turon ◽

Esther Pousa ◽

Diego Palao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Social Cognition ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Emotional Processing ◽

Female Gender ◽

Second Order ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Gender ◽

The Mind

Objectives: This study had 2 objectives: First, to explore the gender-related differences in emotional processing (EP) and theory of mind—both cognitive (CToM) and affective (AToM)—in patients with schizophrenia and in a control group of healthy subjects; and, second, to examine, from a gender perspective, the possible association between EP and CToM in the AToM performance. Methods: Forty patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder were recruited and matched by gender, age and years of education with 40 healthy subjects. EP was measured by the pictures of facial affect (POFA) test. CToM was measured using first- and second-order false-belief (FB) stories. AToM was measured by the reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET). Group and gender differences in CToM were analysed using the X2 test, whereas EP and AToM were analysed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U Test and a general linear model. Results were adjusted by intelligence quotient and negative symptomatology. Results: Patients with schizophrenia underperformed against healthy subjects in the POFA test, second-order FB, and RMET, but not in first-order FB. No significant gender differences were found. However, there was a trend showing that females outperformed males in the POFA ( P = 0.056). Group ( P < 0.001), POFA ( P < 0.001) and second-order FB ( P = 0.022) were the best factors predicting RMET performance (adjusted R2 = 0.584). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the illness is the main factor related to the deficit in social cognition, except for the basic aspects of the CToM that were unimpaired in most patients. Nevertheless, the influence of female gender in EP should not be neglected in any group. Finally, the hierarchal interaction between these domains is discussed.

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Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x20000096 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Whiten

Keyword(s):

Social Cognition ◽

Cultural Evolution ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Critical Factors ◽

Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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A little too technical: The threat of intellectualising technical reasoning

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x20000242 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ian Robertson

Keyword(s):

Social Cognition ◽

Human Reasoning ◽

Technological Culture ◽

Technical Reasoning

Abstract Osiurak and Reynaud (O&R) claim that research into the origin of cumulative technological culture has been too focused on social cognition and has consequently neglected the importance of uniquely human reasoning capacities. This commentary raises two interrelated theoretical concerns about O&R's notion of technical-reasoning capacities, and suggests how these concerns might be met.

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