Does the Use of Test Assembly Procedures Proposed in Legislation Make Any Difference in Test Properties and in the Test Performance of Black and White Test Takers?

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Marco
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Test Assembly ◽  
White Test

Biracial Testing: The Question of Clinicians' Influence on Children’s Test Performance

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Ratusnik ◽  
Roy A. Koenigsknecht
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Preschool Age Children

Six speech and language clinicians, three black and three white, administered the Goodenough Drawing Test (1926) to 144 preschoolers. The four groups, lower socioeconomic black and white and middle socioeconomic black and white, were divided equally by sex. The biracial clinical setting was shown to influence test scores in black preschool-age children.

Self-Reported Physical Activity and Treadmill Test Performance in Healthy Older Blacks and Whites

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Singleton ◽  
James T. Fitzgerald ◽  
Anne Victoria Neale
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Exercise Habits ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Fitness And Health ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
White Adults

This study was conducted to determine the exercise habits and fitness status of healthy older black and white adults, ages 50 to 80 years. The 384 subjects were enrolled in a health promotion project conducted by a midwestern medical school. Self-reported exercise levels were higher for men than for women and were higher for whites compared with blacks. Age had the greatest impact on treadmill performance for both sexes. Activity levels declined with age for men but not for women. Self-reported exercise levels were highly predictive of fitness status for men but not for women. The relationship in older adults between activity levels and both measured fitness and health status needs further investigation.

The Consistency of the Home Environment and Its Relation to Child Development

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Bradley ◽  
Bettye M. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
First Year ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Pattern Of Performance

The study examined the relation of the consistency of the home environment during the first two years of life and children's intelligence test performance at age three for 72 black and white children. Little residual relation between 6-month Caldwell HOME scores and 3-year IQ scores was observed when 12-month HOME scores were partialled out. However, the residual between 12-month HOME and IQ was significant with 6-month HOME partialled out. Some residual relation was observed between 12-month HOME and 3-year IQ with 2-year HOME partialled out. A number of race and sex differences in the relation between HOME scores and IQ were observed with the relation being slightly higher for blacks than whites, especially during the first year of life. Black males showed the most atypical pattern of performance among the four race/sex subgroups

Form-Colour Aftereffects: Selectivity to Local Luminance Contrast

Perception ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F Stromeyer ◽  
Benjamin M Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Spatial Phase ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Test

For long periods observers fixated low spatial frequency coloured gratings. Black and white test gratings of the same spatial frequency and orientation as the adapting gratings appeared coloured with the hue complementary to the adapting patterns when the dark test stripes fell on retinal areas previously occupied by the dark adapting stripes; no colour or very weak colour was seen when the test gratings were reversed in phase (contrast reversed). No colour aftereffects were produced with coloured gratings that lacked luminance contrast. This selectivity to the polarity of local luminance contrast can be explained by mechanisms that respond conjointly to colour and luminance contrast. The aftereffects are selective to spatial phase.

Exploration of mice in a black and white test box: Validation as a model of anxiety

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Costall ◽  
B.J. Jones ◽  
M.E. Kelly ◽  
R.J. Naylor ◽  
D.M. Tomkins
Keyword(s):  
Black And White ◽  
White Test

Filmed Test to Assess Elementary School-Aged Children's Perception of Figures Which Appear to Move Away from Stationary Backgrounds

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-646
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Herkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Form Discrimination ◽  
Sound Track ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Speed Of Response ◽  
Item Presentation

The manner in which a 30-min., 16-mm., animated black and white filmed test of field dependence was constructed is described. A sound track provides standardized test instructions. Test items are preceded on film by form-discrimination tasks and item examples to insure that form discrimination and lack of task familiarity do not affect test performance. In each of the 27 items and 5 examples a figure appears statically embedded within a background for 4 sec. In the succeeding 6 sec. of item presentation the figure continuously changes its context of embeddedness by growing larger in the visual display. This technique causes the figure to appear as if it is moving toward the viewer. Ss' performance is assessed in terms of accuracy and speed of response.

Can Test Preparation Help to Reduce the Black—White Test Performance Gap?

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth G. Chung-Herrera ◽  
Karen Holcombe Ehrhart ◽  
Mark G. Ehrhart ◽  
Jerry Solamon ◽  
Britta Kilian
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Test Preparation ◽  
Matthew Effect ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Field Sample ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
The Matthew Effect ◽  
White Test ◽  
Race Performance

Using a field sample, the authors examined the extent to which race is related to test preparation and whether test preparation is related to test performance. They found that African Americans reported more self-initiated test preparation than Caucasians did and that tutorial attendance and self-initiated test preparation were related to test performance. Moreover, the authors found that only self-initiated test preparation mediated the race—performance relationship. Last, the hypothesis that the Matthew Effect (defined as the amplification of any initial advantage that leads to cumulative effects) would hold in an employment setting was not supported. The implications of test preparation are discussed.

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