Methodology of speed qualities development of police officers for actions in extreme situations of operational activities

The article considers the scientific foundations of the pedagogical approach to the study and development of speed qualities, in particular, the reaction speed and functional capacities of a person who provides professional training of police officers and athletes. During the research, the features of the speed qualities development, in particular the speed of reaction, were studied by means of physical training, with the help of which it is possible to achieve maximum speed of response, and, on this basis, to form stable skills for counteraction in emergency situations related to service-applied activities. A set of factors determining the speed of response to an external signal is considered. Methods for the growth of speed in the training process serve as the basis for the progress of this quality in relation to the operational and service activities of police officers. The article presents the most effective methods of speed development, aimed both at improving this physical quality, and contributing to the formation of the necessary motor skills for the successful fulfillment of operational-service tasks and for competing. Speed qualities are complex in their structure, including the time of the motor reaction, the speed of a single movement, the frequency of movements, etc. These complexity and diversity should be taken into account during the training of high-speed abilities of police officers for actions in extreme situations of operational and service activities, and a special emphasis on the acquisition and development of new motor skills and abilities should be made.

TKI discontinuation in CML: how do we make more patients eligible? How do we increase the chances of a successful treatment-free remission?

Treatment-free remission (TFR) is a new and significant goal of chronic myeloid leukemia management. TFR should be considered for patients in stable deep molecular response (DMR) after careful discussion in the shared decision-making process. Second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) improve the speed of response and the incidence of DMR. Treatment may be changed to a more active TKI to improve the depth of response in selected patients who have not reached DMR. Stem cell persistence is associated with active immune surveillance and activation of BCR-ABL1-independent pathways, eg, STAT3, JAK1/2, and BCL2. Ongoing studies aim to prove the efficacy of maintenance therapies targeting these pathways after TKI discontinuation.

Enhancing the Speed of Response in Digital Money Transactions using Distributed Blockchain System

Waiting for anything is undesirable by most of the human beings. Especially in the case of digital money transactions, most of the people may have doubtful thoughts on their mind about the success rate of their transactions while taking a longer processing time. The Unified Payment Interface (UPI) system was developed in India for minimizing the typographic works during the digital money transaction process. The UPI system has a separate UPI identification number of each individual consisting of their name, bank name, branch name, and account number. Therefore, sharing of account information has become easier and it reduces the chances of typographic errors in digital transaction applications. Sharing of UPI details are also made easy and secure with Quick Response (QR) code scanning methods. However, a digital transaction like UPI requires a lot of servers to be operated for a single transaction same as in National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) and Immediate Payment Services (IMPS) in India. This increases the waiting time of digital transactions due to poor server communication and higher volume of payment requests on a particular server. The motive of the proposed work is to minimize the server communications by employing a distributed blockchain system. The performance is verified with a simulation experiment on BlockSim simulator in terms of transaction success rate and processing time over the traditional systems.

Theta oscillations in frontal cortex differentially modulate accuracy and speed in flexible stimulus- and action-based learning

ABSTRACTFlexible reward learning relies on frontal cortex, with substantial evidence indicating the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) play important roles. Recent studies in both rat and macaque suggest theta oscillations (5-10 Hz) may be a spectral signature that coordinates this learning. However, causal network-level interactions between ACC and OFC in flexible learning remain unclear. We investigated the learning of stimulus-outcome (S-O) and action-outcome (A-O) associations using a combination of simultaneous in-vivo electrophysiology in dorsal ACC and ventral OFC, partnered with bilateral inhibitory DREADDs in ACC. In freely-behaving male and female rats and using a within-subject design, we examined accuracy and speed of response across distinct and precisely-defined trial epochs including correct choice, incorrect choice, and reward collection. We report significant modulation of accuracy by theta power in both ACC and OFC. Both ACC and OFC theta oscillations consistently signaled accuracy in the initial discrimination phase, whereas it was OFC theta alone in the reversal phases of both S-O and A-O learning. Theta power in either region was not correlated with deliberation speed. Indeed, theta modulation of accuracy was dissociable from its involvement in speed of response which was affected by ACC inhibition, most prominently in A-O learning. Results are discussed with reference to the nonhuman primate literature, where there is by contrast more reported specialization of OFC and ACC in flexible learning of stimuli and actions. The present results also point to a specific role of OFC theta in signaling a reversal of either kind.

Neural Network-Based Control for Hybrid PV and Ternary Pumped-Storage Hydro Plants

The growth in renewable energy integration over the past few years, primarily fueled by the drop in capital cost, has revealed the requirement for more sustainable methods of integration. This paper presents a collocated hybrid plant consisting of solar photovoltaic (PV) and Ternary pumped-storage hydro (TPSH) and designs controls that integrate the PV plant such that the behavior and the controllability of the hybrid plant are similar to those of a conventional plant within operational constraints. The PV array control and hybrid plant control implement a neural–network-based framework to coordinate the response, de-loading, and curtailment of multiple arrays with the response of the TPSH. With the help of the designed controls, a symbiotic relationship is developed between the two energy resources, where the PV compensates for the TPSH nonlinearities and provides required speed of response, while the TPSH firms the PV system and allows the PV to be integrated using its existing infrastructure. Simulations demonstrate that the designed controls enable the PV system to track references, while the TPSH’s firming and shifting transforms the PV system into a base load plant for most of the day and extends its hours of operation.

Anti-scattering light focusing by fast wavefront shaping based on multi-pixel encoded digital-micromirror device

Speed and enhancement are the two most important metrics for anti-scattering light focusing by wavefront shaping (WS), which requires a spatial light modulator with a large number of modulation modes and a fast speed of response. Among the commercial modulators, the digital-micromirror device (DMD) is the sole solution providing millions of modulation modes and a pattern rate higher than 20 kHz. Thus, it has the potential to accelerate the process of anti-scattering light focusing with a high enhancement. Nevertheless, modulating light in a binary mode by the DMD restricts both the speed and enhancement seriously. Here, we propose a multi-pixel encoded DMD-based WS method by combining multiple micromirrors into a single modulation unit to overcome the drawbacks of binary modulation. In addition, to efficiently optimize the wavefront, we adopted separable natural evolution strategies (SNES), which could carry out a global search against a noisy environment. Compared with the state-of-the-art DMD-based WS method, the proposed method increased the speed of optimization and enhancement of focus by a factor of 179 and 16, respectively. In our demonstration, we achieved 10 foci with homogeneous brightness at a high speed and formed W- and S-shape patterns against the scattering medium. The experimental results suggest that the proposed method will pave a new avenue for WS in the applications of biomedical imaging, photon therapy, optogenetics, dynamic holographic display, etc.