scholarly journals New Horizons: Emerging Therapies and Targets in Thyroid Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. e382-e388
Author(s):  
Matthew D Ringel
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Emerging Therapies ◽  
Improve Patient Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Improve Patient

Abstract The treatment of patients with progressive metastatic follicular cell-derived and medullary thyroid cancers that do not respond to standard therapeutic modalities presents a therapeutic challenge. As a deeper understanding of the molecular drivers for these tumors has occurred and more potent and specific compounds are developed, the number of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments for thyroid cancer has expanded. In addition, with the advent of disease-agnostic target-directed FDA approvals an ever-broadening number of therapeutic options are available for clinicians and patients. However, to date, complete remissions are rare, the average durations of response are relatively modest, and toxicities are common. These factors accentuate the need for further understanding of the mechanisms of resistance that result in treatment failures, the development of biomarkers that can improve patient selection for treatment earlier in the disease process, and the continued need for new therapeutic strategies. In this article, recent approvals relevant to thyroid cancer will be discussed along with selected new potential avenues that might be exploited for future therapies.

Lysability of arterial thrombi assessed by magnetic resonance imaging

VASA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozak ◽  
Mikac ◽  
Blinc ◽  
Sersa
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
Catheter Directed Thrombolysis ◽  
Improve Patient Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Intravascular thrombi change in time due to retraction and organization, which is reflected in the appearance of magnetic resonance images of clots. We have hypothesized that MRI has the potential to improve patient selection for thrombolytic treatment. The aim of our study was to analyze occlusive arterial thrombi with MRI, and to correlate the MRI parameters with the therapeutic outcome in patients with occlusive atherothrombotic disease of the superficial femoral artery who were treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis by streptokinase. Patients and methods: We included 13 patients with subacute (2 weeks to 3 months old) occlusive arterial thrombi and 4 patients with chronic (more than 6 months old) arterial occlusions. We measured the MRI signal intensity on gradient echo images of 98 axial slices of the subacute occlusive thrombi and in 45 slices of 4 chronic thrombi. Following MRI, the patients with subacute history were treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis. Results: Thrombolysis was successful in 11/13 patients. The normalized MRI signal intensity was significantly higher in the unsuccessfully treated thrombi than in the successfully treated thrombi (1.10 ± 0.08 vs. 0.72 ± 0.17, p < 0.003), but the subacute and chronic thrombi did not differ in signal intensity. Conclusions: High signal intensity of arterial thrombi on gradient echo MRI might predict resistance to thrombolytic therapy.

scholarly journals Contribution of Aging, Obesity, and Microbiota on Tumor Immunotherapy Efficacy and Toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina E. M. Baiden-Amissah ◽  
Sandra Tuyaerts
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Valuable Adjunct ◽  
Improve Patient Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Cancer immunotherapy has entered the forefront of cancer treatment, but major challenges still exist, such as the limited proportion of patients that respond to treatment and treatment-related toxicity. Therefore, biomarkers to predict which patients will benefit from therapy without major side effects are of the utmost importance. Moreover, novel therapeutic targets to increase the proportion of responding patients on a given immunotherapy or to alleviate immunotherapy-induced toxicity could be a valuable adjunct to immunotherapy treatment. Host factors such as age, obesity, and the composition of the gut microbiome have considerable effects on immune responses and, hence, could have a large impact on the outcome of immunotherapies. Moreover, since these host factors differ considerably between preclinical mouse models and human cancer patients, it might be possible that these host factors account, in part, for the observed discrepancies in outcomes between mice experiments and clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the latest data on the influence of aging, obesity, and the gut microbiome on the anti-tumor immune response and immunotherapy and propose avenues to increase our knowledge on this topic in order to improve patient selection for cancer immunotherapy treatment.

scholarly journals Algorithm-Based Screening May Improve Patient Selection for the Subcutaneous Implantable Defibrillator

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom F. Brouwer ◽  
Kirsten M. Kooiman ◽  
Louise R. Olde Nordkamp ◽  
Vokko P. van Halm ◽  
Reinoud E. Knops
Keyword(s):  
Patient Selection ◽  
Implantable Defibrillator ◽  
Improve Patient Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Improve Patient

scholarly journals Phase I prognostic online (PIPO): A web tool to improve patient selection for oncology early phase clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 168-178
Author(s):  
Ignacio Matos ◽  
Guillermo Villacampa ◽  
Cinta Hierro ◽  
Juan Martin-Liberal ◽  
Roger Berché ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Patient Selection ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Web Tool ◽  
Improve Patient Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Early Phase Clinical Trials ◽  
Improve Patient

scholarly journals Using Risk Models to Improve Patient Selection for High-Risk Vascular Surgery

Scientifica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Philip P. Goodney
Keyword(s):  
Patient Selection ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Improve Patient Selection ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Improve Patient

Vascular surgeons frequently perform procedures aimed at limiting death, stroke, or amputation on patients who present with diseases such as aortic aneurysms, carotid atherosclerosis, and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. However, now more than ever surgeons must balance the potential benefits associated with these interventions with the risks of physiologic insult for these elderly patients, who often have significant comorbidity burdens and the potential for costly complications. In this paper, we highlight how regional and national datasets can help surgeons identify which patients are most likely to benefit from vascular operations and which patients are most likely to suffer complications in the postoperative period. By using these guidelines to improve patient selection, our risk models can help patients, physicians, and policymakers improve the clinical effectiveness of surgical and endovascular treatments for vascular disease.

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