Hormone Secretion of the Anterior Pituitary Gland After Physical Interruption of All Nervous Pathways to the Hypophysiotrophic Area

Endocrinology ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
BÉLA HALÁSZ ◽  
LAJOS PUPP
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland

scholarly journals Intercellular communication in the rat anterior pituitary gland: an in vivo and in vitro study

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Fletcher ◽  
NC Anderson ◽  
JW Everett
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Stimulus Secretion Coupling ◽  
Unpublished Observation ◽  
Cellular Ca

The concept of "stimulus-secretion coupling" suggested by Douglas and co-workers to explain the events related to monamine discharge by the adrenal medulla (5, 7) may be applied to other endocrine tissues, such as adrenal cortex (36), pancreatic islets (4), and magnocellular hypothalamic neurons (6), which exhibit a similar ion-dependent process of hormone elaboration. In addition, they share another feature, that of joining neighbor cells via membrane junctions (12, 26, and Fletcher, unpublished observation). Given this, and the reports that hormone secretion by the pars distalis also involves a secretagogue-induced decrease in membrane bioelectric potential accompanied by a rise in cellular [Ca++] (27, 34, 41), it was appropriate to test the possibility that cells of the anterior pituitary gland are united by junctions.

Prolactin-Releasing Peptide and Its Homolog RFRP-1 Act in Hypothalamus but Not in Anterior Pituitary Gland to Stimulate Stress Hormone Secretion

Endocrine ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis K. Samson ◽  
Cynthia Keown ◽  
Charles K. Samson ◽  
Henry W. Samson ◽  
Brian Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Prolactin Releasing Peptide

Multiple species of follicle-stimulating hormone exist within the anterior pituitary gland of male golden hamsters

1982 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre ◽  
S. C. Chappel
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Con A ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Gel Isoelectric Focusing

Anterior pituitary glands were collected from immature and mature (intact and castrated) male hamsters. The various species of FSH present within these glands were separated by Concanavalin A (Con A) chromatography and polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAG-IEF) and measured by a specific FSH radioimmunoassay (RIA) as well as a radioreceptor assay (RRA). Two distinct forms of FSH (Con A unbound and bound) were separated by Con A chromatography and detected by both RIA and RRA. These two populations of FSH were present within anterior pituitary glands of all three animal models tested. Castration before collection of anterior pituitary glands reduced the ratio of Con A unbound: bound immunoreactive FSH. When measured by RRA this reduction was not observed. When homogenates of anterior pituitary glands obtained from mature animals were separated by PAG-IEF, six distinct species of FSH were observed by RIA with isoelectric points (pI) of 6·0, 5·7, 5·3, 5·0, 4·7 and 4·2–3·8. Homogenates of anterior pituitary glands obtained from immature male hamsters did not contain one of these species of FSH (pI value, 4·7). The relative contribution of some of the species of FSH to the total amount of detectable FSH differed depending upon the endocrine status of the animal. The species with pI value of 4·2–3·8 did not show any receptor-binding activity in any of the three models studied. The overall ratio of the activity of FSH measured by RRA compared with RIA was highest in anterior pituitary glands from intact mature and immature hamsters and lowest in anterior pituitary glands obtained from castrated animals. The RRA: RIA ratio for each species of FSH in all models tested declined as the isoelectric point of that species decreased. Thus, these results demonstrated the presence of multiple species of FSH within the anterior pituitary glands of immature and mature male hamsters. The relative proportions and receptor-binding activities of these species differed according to the isoelectric point and the pattern of hormone secretion at the time of collection of pituitary glands. Gonadal and other endocrine factors may influence not only the relative amount of each species of FSH but also the receptor-binding capacity of the FSH species synthesized by the anterior pituitary gland.

scholarly journals Intermedin/Adrenomedullin-2 Inhibits Growth Hormone Release from Cultured, Primary Anterior Pituitary Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 859-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan M. Taylor ◽  
Sara L. Bagley ◽  
Willis K. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Cells ◽  
Peptide Family

Intermedin (IMD), a novel member of the adrenomedullin (AM), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), amylin (AMY) peptide family, has been reported to act promiscuously at all the known receptors for these peptides. Like AM and CGRP, IMD acts in the circulation to decrease blood pressure and in the brain to inhibit food intake, effects that could be explained by activation of the known CGRP, AM, or AMY receptors. Because AM, CGRP, and AMY have been reported to affect hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland, we examined the effects of IMD on GH, ACTH, and prolactin secretion from dispersed anterior pituitary cells harvested from adult male rats. IMD, in log molar concentrations ranging from 1.0 pm to 100 nm, failed to significantly alter basal release of the three hormones. Similarly, IMD failed to significantly alter CRH-stimulated ACTH or TRH-stimulated prolactin secretion in vitro. However, IMD concentration-dependently inhibited GHRH-stimulated GH release from these cell cultures. The effects of IMD, although requiring higher concentrations, were as efficacious as those of somatostatin and, like somatostatin, may be mediated, at least in part, by decreasing cAMP accumulation. These actions of IMD were not shared by other members of the AM-CGRP-AMY family of peptides, suggesting the presence of a novel, unique IMD receptor in the anterior pituitary gland and a potential neuroendocrine action of IMD to interact with the hypothalamic mechanisms controlling growth and metabolism.

scholarly journals In vivo xenoestrogenic actions of cadmium and arsenic in anterior pituitary and uterus

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia A Ronchetti ◽  
Gisela V Novack ◽  
María S Bianchi ◽  
Melisa C Crocco ◽  
Beatriz H Duvilanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Proliferation Markers

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (iAs) are toxic metals ubiquitously present in the environment. Both pollutants exert nonmonotonic dose responses, being mostly cytotoxic at high concentrations but mimicking estrogen (E2) effects at low doses. Xenoestrogenic activity of Cd and iAs has been demonstrated in different hormone-dependent tumor cell lines; however, their actionsin vivoremain largely unknown. Here, we investigated whetherin vivoadministration of low doses of Cd and iAs through drinking water would display xenoestrogenic effects in the anterior pituitary gland and uterus of ovariectomized rats. Cd (1ppm) and iAs (0.1ppm) exposure increased the wet weight of anterior pituitary gland and uterus and induced proestrus- and estrus-like vaginal smears. Both metals stimulate cell proliferation of these tissues as they increased the expression of proliferation markers. More importantly, they augmented soluble guanylyl cyclase α1 subunit expression, which has been linked to hormone-dependent tumor progression. Also, Cd and iAs modified protein levels of full-length estrogen receptor α and its truncated variants in an E2-like manner. Anterior pituitary hormone secretion was differentially affected by both metals. Luteinizing hormone synthesis and release were strongly diminished after Cd exposure and only mildly reduced by iAs. Both metals were able to increase prolactin synthesis, although only iAs augmented serum prolactin levels. This study shows for the first time that Cd and iAs exert strong xenoestrogenic effects on anterior pituitary gland at low doses. The differences between Cd and iAs E2-like behavior indicate that other Cd- and iAs-specific mechanisms could be involved. Altogether, these results contribute to the knowledge of reproductive disorders associated with Cd and iAs environmental contamination.

Luteinizing Hormone Secretion by Dispersed Anterior Pituitary Gland Cells from Middle-Aged Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Krieg, Jr. ◽  
Amelia N. Brito ◽  
Timothy E. Sayles ◽  
Dennis W. Matt
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Secretion ◽  
Gland Cells

scholarly journals Somatostatin system: molecular mechanisms regulating anterior pituitary hormones

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Eigler ◽  
Anat Ben-Shlomo
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Channel Dependent

The somatostatin (SRIF) system, which includes the SRIF ligand and receptors, regulates anterior pituitary gland function, mainly inhibiting hormone secretion and to some extent pituitary tumor cell growth. SRIF-14 via its cognate G-protein-coupled receptors (subtypes 1–5) activates multiple cellular signaling pathways including adenylate cyclase/cAMP, MAPK, ion channel-dependent pathways, and others. In addition, recent data have suggested SRIF-independent constitutive SRIF receptor activity responsible for GH and ACTH inhibition in vitro. This review summarizes current knowledge on ligand-dependent and independent SRIF receptor molecular and functional effects on hormone-secreting cells in the anterior pituitary gland.

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