scholarly journals Long- and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Induce Insulin Resistance to a Similar Extent in Humans Despite Marked Differences in Muscle Fat Accumulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Hoeks ◽  
Marco Mensink ◽  
Matthijs K. C. Hesselink ◽  
Kim Ekroos ◽  
Patrick Schrauwen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Induce Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Context: Animal studies revealed that medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), due to their metabolic characteristics, are not stored in skeletal muscle and may therefore not give rise to potentially hazardous lipid species impeding insulin signaling. Objective: We here hypothesized that infusion of medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT) in healthy lean subjects does not lead to ectopic fat accumulation and hence does not result in lipid-induced insulin resistance. Design and Methods: Nine healthy lean male subjects underwent a 6-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with simultaneous infusion of 1) a 100% long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT) emulsion, 2) a 50/50% MCT/LCT emulsion, or 3) glycerol in a randomized crossover design. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after each clamp. Results: MCT/LCT infusion raised plasma free fatty acid levels to a similar level compared with LCT infusion alone. Despite elevated free fatty acid levels, intramyocellular triacylglycerol (IMTG) levels were not affected by the MCT/LCT emulsion, whereas LCT infusion resulted in an approximately 1.6-fold increase in IMTG. These differences in muscle fat accumulation did not result in significant differences in lipid-induced insulin resistance between LCT (−28%, P = 0.003) and MCT/LCT (−20%, P < 0.001). Total skeletal muscle ceramide content as well as lactosyl- and glucosylceramide levels were not affected by any of the interventions. In addition, the distribution pattern of all ceramide species remained unaltered. Conclusions: Although we confirm that MCFA do not lead to ceramide and IMTG accumulation in skeletal muscle tissue in humans, they do induce insulin resistance. These results indicate that, in humans, MCFA may not be beneficial in preventing peripheral insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Effect of storage on fatty acid profile of butter from cows fed whole or ground flaxseed with or without monensin

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2297-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Cristina da Silva-Kazama ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
Paula Toshimi Matumoto Pintro ◽  
Jesuí Vergílio Visentainer ◽  
Ricardo Kazama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Relative Percentage ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Ground Flaxseed ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Eight Holstein cows with body weight 570 ± 43 kg and 60 ± 20 lactation days were distributed in a double Latin square design with four 21-day periods to determine the effects of feeding ground or whole flaxseed with or without monensin supplementation (0.02% on a dry matter basis) on fatty acid profile of butter stored for 15 and 45 days. Ground flaxseed supply, in comparison to whole flaxseed, reduced relative percentages of 16:0, cis7-16:1, 17:0, and cis10-17:1 but it increased those of cis9,trans11-18:2, cis3-18:3, and omega 3 fatty acids in butter fat, reducing relative percentage of medium-chain fatty acids and increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Supplementation with monensin increased relative percentages of cis9,trans11-18:2 and tended to increase relative percentage of 17:0 and decrease that of saturated fatty acids in butter. Butter from cows fed diet with monensin presented lower relative percentages of cis 6-20:4. Relative percentages of cis 9-16:1, cis10-17:1, 18:0, trans11-18:1, cis9-18:1, cis3-18:3, cis6-20:4 in butter stored for 15 days were higher than those stored for 45 days and the relative percentages of cis3-20:5 tended to decrease with the increase of storage period. As a result, relative percentages of saturated fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids increased with storage time, while those of monounsaturated and long-chain fatty acids decreased. Butter enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids may have a shorter shelf life due to the negative effect of storage on fatty acid profile which may cause oxidation and rancidity.

scholarly journals Small amounts of dietary medium-chain fatty acids protect against insulin resistance during caloric excess in humans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Anne-Marie Lundsgaard ◽  
Andreas M. Fritzen ◽  
Kim. A. Sjøberg ◽  
Maximilian Kleinert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have in rodents been shown to have protective effects on glucose homeostasis during high-fat overfeeding. In this study, we investigated whether dietary MCFAs protect against insulin resistance induced by a hypercaloric high-fat diet in humans. Healthy, lean men ingested a eucaloric control diet and a three-day hypercaloric high-fat diet (+75% energy, 81-83E% fat) in randomized order. For one group (n=8), the high-fat diet was enriched with saturated long-chain FAs (LCSFA-HFD), while the other group (n=9) ingested a matched diet, but with ~30 g (5E%) saturated MCFAs (MCSFA-HFD) in substitution for a corresponding fraction of the saturated LCFAs. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with femoral arteriovenous balance and glucose tracer was applied after the control and hypercaloric diets. In LCSFA-HFD, whole body insulin sensitivity and peripheral insulin-stimulated glucose disposal were reduced. These impairments were prevented in MCSFA-HFD, accompanied by increased basal FA oxidation, maintained glucose metabolic flexibility, increased non-oxidative glucose disposal related to lower starting glycogen content and increased glycogen synthase activity, together with increased muscle lactate production. In conclusion, substitution of a small amount of dietary LCFAs with MCFAs rescues insulin action in conditions of lipid-induced energy excess.

Production of Medium Chain Fatty Acids by Yarrowia lipolytica: Combining Molecular Design and TALEN to Engineer the Fatty Acid Synthase

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1870-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coraline Rigouin ◽  
Marc Gueroult ◽  
Christian Croux ◽  
Gwendoline Dubois ◽  
Vinciane Borsenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Transacylation as a chain-termination mechanism in fatty acid synthesis by mammalian fatty acid synthetase. Synthesis of medium-chain-length (C8-C12) acyl-CoA esters by goat mammary-gland fatty acid synthetase

1982 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Knudsen ◽  
I Grunnet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Medium Chain Length ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

1. Ruminant mammary-gland fatty acid synthetases can, in contrast with non-ruminant mammary enzymes, synthesize medium-chain fatty acids. 2. Medium-chain fatty acids are only synthesized in the presence of a fatty acid-removing system such as albumin, beta-lactoglobulin or methylated cyclodextrin. 3. The short- and medium-chain fatty acids synthesized were released as acyl-CoA esters from the fatty acid synthetase.

scholarly journals An Increased Dietary Supply of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids during Early Weaning in Rodents Prevents Excessive Fat Accumulation in Adulthood

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert van de Heijning ◽  
Annemarie Oosting ◽  
Diane Kegler ◽  
Eline van der Beek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Giving combined medium‐chain fatty acids and glucose protects against cancer‐associated skeletal muscle atrophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 3391-3399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Mori ◽  
Hitoshi Ohmori ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
Shiori Mori ◽  
Yoshihiro Miyagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Medium-chain fatty acids ameliorate insulin resistance caused by high-fat diets in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Wein ◽  
Siegfried Wolffram ◽  
Jürgen Schrezenmeir ◽  
Daniela Gašperiková ◽  
Iwar Klimeš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Ameliorate Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Triacylglycerol synthesis in goat mammary gland. The effect of ATP, Mg2+ and glycerol 3-phosphate on the esterification of fatty acids synthesized de novo

1984 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
H O Hansen ◽  
I Grunnet ◽  
J Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Goat mammary-gland microsomal fraction by itself induces synthesis of medium-chain-length fatty acids by goat mammary fatty acid synthetase and incorporates short- and medium-chain fatty acids into triacylglycerol. Addition of ATP in the absence or presence of Mg2+ totally inhibits triacylglycerol synthesis from short- and medium-chain fatty acids, and severely inhibits synthesis de novo of medium-chain fatty acids. The inhibition by ATP of fatty acid synthesis and triacylglycerol synthesis de novo can be relieved by glycerol 3-phosphate. The effect of ATP could not be mimicked by the non-hydrolysable ATP analogue, adenosine 5′-[beta, gamma-methylene]triphosphate and could not be shown to be caused by inhibition of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase by a phosphorylation reaction. Possible explanations for the mechanism of the inhibition by ATP are discussed, and a hypothetical model for its action is outlined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document