scholarly journals The lower Snell envelope of smooth functions: an optional decomposition

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Trevino Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Functions ◽  
Snell Envelope

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Urban Exposures and Prevalent Hypertension in the Helsinki Capital Region, Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Enembe O. Okokon ◽  
Tarja Yli-Tuomi ◽  
Taina Siponen ◽  
Pekka Tiittanen ◽  
Anu W. Turunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wood Smoke ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Smooth Functions ◽  
Capital Region

Urban dwellers are simultaneously exposed to several environmental health risk factors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5, diameter < 2.5 µm) of residential-wood-burning and road-traffic origin, road-traffic noise, green space around participants’ homes, and hypertension. In 2015 and 2016, we conducted a survey of residents of the Helsinki Capital Region to determine their perceptions of environmental quality and safety, lifestyles, and health statuses. Recent antihypertensive medication was used as an indicator of current hypertensive illness. Individual-level exposure was estimated by linking residential coordinates with modelled outdoor levels of wood-smoke- and traffic-related PM2.5, road-traffic noise, and coverage of natural spaces. Relationships between exposure and hypertension were modelled using multi-exposure and single-exposure binary logistic regression while taking smooth functions into account. Twenty-eight percent of the participants were current users of antihypertensive medication. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for antihypertensive use were 1.12 (0.78–1.57); 0.97 (0.76–1.26); 0.98 (0.93–1.04) and 0.99 (0.94–1.04) for wood-smoke PM2.5, road-traffic PM2.5, road-traffic noise, and coverage of green space, respectively. We found no evidence of an effect of the investigated urban exposures on prevalent hypertension in the Helsinki Capital Region.

scholarly journals Estimates for n-widths of sets of smooth functions on complex spheres

2020 ◽  
pp. 101537
Author(s):  
Deimer J.J. Aleans ◽  
Sergio A. Tozoni
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Functions

scholarly journals Hearing the shape of a compact Riemannian manifold with a finite number of piecewise impedance boundary conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. E. Zayed
Keyword(s):  
Riemannian Manifold ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Finite Number ◽  
Spectral Function ◽  
Compact Riemannian Manifold ◽  
Smooth Boundary ◽  
Beltrami Operator ◽  
Smooth Functions ◽  
Impedance Boundary ◽  
Impedance Boundary Conditions

The spectral functionΘ(t)=∑i=1∞exp(−tλj), where{λj}j=1∞are the eigenvalues of the negative Laplace-Beltrami operator−Δ, is studied for a compact Riemannian manifoldΩof dimension “k” with a smooth boundary∂Ω, where a finite number of piecewise impedance boundary conditions(∂∂ni+γi)u=0on the parts∂Ωi(i=1,…,m)of the boundary∂Ωcan be considered, such that∂Ω=∪i=1m∂Ωi, andγi(i=1,…,m)are assumed to be smooth functions which are not strictly positive.

Any large solution of a non-linear heat conduction equation becomes monotonic in time

1991 ◽  
Vol 118 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Galaktionov ◽  
Sergey A. Posashkov
Keyword(s):  
Parabolic Equation ◽  
Initial Function ◽  
Heat Conduction Equation ◽  
Stationary Solutions ◽  
Classical Solutions ◽  
Smooth Functions ◽  
Large Solution ◽  
Additional Hypothesis ◽  
The Cauchy Problem ◽  
Degenerate Parabolic

SynopsisIn this paper we prove a certain monotonicity in time of non-negative classical solutions of the Cauchy problem for the quasilinear uniformly parabolic equation u1 = (ϕ(u))xx + Q(u) in wT = (0, T] × R1 with bounded sufficiently smooth initial function u(0, x) = uo(x)≧0 in Rl. We assume that ϕ(u) and Q(u) are smooth functions in [0, +∞) and ϕ′(u) >0, Q(u) > 0 for u > 0. Under some additional hypothesis on the growth of Q(u)ϕ′(u) at infinity, it is proved that if u(to, xo) becomes sufficiently large at some point (to, xo) ∈ wT, then ut(t, x0) ≧0 for all t ∈ [t0, T]. The proof is based on the method of intersection comparison of the solution with the set of the stationary solutions of the same equation. Some generalisations of this property for a quasilinear degenerate parabolic equation are discussed.

scholarly journals Higher spectral flow and an entire bivariant JLO cocycle

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moulay-Tahar Benameur ◽  
Alan L. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Operator ◽  
Chern Character ◽  
Dirac Operators ◽  
Cyclic Cohomology ◽  
Closed Manifold ◽  
Spectral Flow ◽  
Smooth Functions ◽  
Base Manifold ◽  
K Theory ◽  
Higher Spectral Flow

AbstractFor a single Dirac operator on a closed manifold the cocycle introduced by Jaffe-Lesniewski-Osterwalder [19] (abbreviated here to JLO), is a representative of Connes' Chern character map from the K-theory of the algebra of smooth functions on the manifold to its entire cyclic cohomology. Given a smooth fibration of closed manifolds and a family of generalized Dirac operators along the fibers, we define in this paper an associated bivariant JLO cocycle. We then prove that, for any l ≥ 0, our bivariant JLO cocycle is entire when we endow smoooth functions on the total manifold with the Cl+1 topology and functions on the base manifold with the Cl topology. As a by-product of our theorem, we deduce that the bivariant JLO cocycle is entire for the Fréchet smooth topologies. We then prove that our JLO bivariant cocycle computes the Chern character of the Dai-Zhang higher spectral flow.

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