Can $p$-values be meaningfully interpreted without random sampling?

Norbert Hirschauer; Sven Grüner; Oliver Mußhoff; Claudia Becker; Antje Jantsch

doi:10.1214/20-ss129

ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN STUDI PADA PT. APL DI PAMEKASAN DAN SUMENEP

Journal of Economics Development Issues ◽

10.33005/jedi.v1i1.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Andelina Juli Ningsih

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Word Of Mouth ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

P Values ◽

Probability Sampling

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perilaku pembelian, word of mouth dan ekuitas merek terhadap keputusan pembelian dalam memilih produk PT. APL. Dalam penelitian ini diambil sampel sebanyak 30 responden kepada pemilik apotek / apoteker / assisten apoteker yang menjadi rekanan PT. APL. Pengambilan sampel ini dilakukan dengan cara pendekatan probability sampling, sedangkan penentuan jumlah pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampel random sampling. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian penjelasan (explanatory research) yang merupakan penelitian yang menjelasan hubungan kausal antar variabel – variabel penelitian melalui uji hipotesis yang telah dirumuskan sebelumnya sehingga dapat mengetahui seberapa besar kontribusi variabel – variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikatnya serta besarnya arah hubungan yang terjadi. Model analisis yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perilaku pembelian dan ekuitas merek berpengaruh non signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, sedangkan variabel word of mouth mempunyai pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan koefisien path sebesar 0.434, dimana nilai p-values lebih besar dari nilai α = 0.001.

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PERBANDINGAN INSIDEN MUAL-MUNTAH PASCA PEMBERIAN ISOFLURAN DAN SEVOFLURAN PADA PASIEN BEDAH ORTOPEDI

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.3.2.2015.8200 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Erick Novrianto ◽

Mordekai L. Laihad ◽

Lucky T. Kumaat

Keyword(s):

Orthopedic Surgery ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Skin Flap ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Pulmonary Aspiration ◽

The Other ◽

Nausea And Vomiting ◽

Surgical Wound ◽

P Values ◽

Electrolyte Disturbances

Abstract: Nausea and vomiting are common side effects after surgery and anesthesia. Nausea and vomiting can lead to dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, longer staying in the hospital, strained sutures of surgical wound, as well as the increasing of the occurence of dehiscence, hypertension, bleeding under the skin flap, risk of pulmonary aspiration due to decreased airway reflexes, and gastric mucosal ulceration. This study aimed to compare the incidence of nausea and vomiting after administration of isoflurane and sevoflurane in orthopedic surgery patients. This was an observational analytic study. Samples were all patients who underwent orthopedic surgery using inhaled isoflurane or sevoflurane form November to December 2012 conducted in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. Samples were obtained by using simple random sampling. The results showed that of 10 samples, there were 3 people who had nausea-vomiting (PONV); 2 people were administered inhaled isoflurane and the other one sevoflurane. The P values in both groups of samples> 0.05. Conclusion: The incidence of nausea and vomiting between inhaled isoflurane and sevoflurane in orthopedic surgery were not significantly different. However, the sevoflurane group had a lower incidence than isoflurane.Keywords: PONV, isoflurane, sevoflurane, nausea, vomiting.Abstrak: Mual-muntah ialah efek samping yang sering ditemukan setelah tindakan operasi dan anestesi. Mual-muntah dapat menyebabkan dehidrasi, gangguan elektrolit, waktu tinggal di rumah sakit lebih lama, jahitan luka operasi menjadi tegang, dan kemungkinan terjadi dehisensi, hipertensi, peningkatan perdarahan di bawah flap kulit, peningkatan resiko terjadinya aspirasi paru karena menurunnya refleks jalan nafas, dan ulserasi mukosa lambung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan insiden mual-muntah pasca pemberian isofluran dan sevofluran pada pasien bedah ortopedi. Metode penelitian ialah observasional analitik. Sampel penelitian ialah seluruh pasien yang melakukan operasi ortopedi dengan menggunakan inhalasi isofluran dan sevofluran dalam periode November-Desember 2012 yang dilakukan di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode simple random sampling.Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dari sampel sebanyak 10 orang, jumlah yang mengalami mual-muntah (PONV) sebanyak 3 orang. Jumlah sampel yang mengalami mual-muntah pada inhalasi isofluran sebanyak 2 orang dan sevofluran sebanyak 1 orang. Nilai P pada kedua kelompok sampel >0,05. Simpulan: Perbandingan insiden mual-muntah antara kelompok pengguna isofluran dan sevofluran pada bedah ortopedi tidak berbeda bermakna, namun, kelompok sevofluran memiliki insiden lebih rendah dibanding isofluran.Kata kunci:PONV, isofluran, sevofluran, mual-muntah

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Factors Affecting Trust in E-Government

Journal of Government and Civil Society ◽

10.31000/jgcs.v5i2.4848 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 263

Author(s):

Ulung Pribadi ◽

Muhammad Iqbal ◽

Fittia Restiane

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Information Quality ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Perceived Usefulness ◽

Privacy And Security ◽

Collection Method ◽

P Values ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Independent Variables

This study examined perceived usefulness, information quality, and privacy and security to predict trust in e-government. This study used a survey data collection method and a random sampling technique with 100 residents who visit the local government's public services website as respondents. A Likert scale was used to create the questionnaires. SEM-PLS looked at the data to see if it was valid and reliable, as well as test hypothesis and regression. This study found that perceived usefulness, information quality, and privacy and security had a positive and significant effect on trust in e-government with p-values of 0.000, 0.001 and 0.000, respectively. The influence of the three independent variables towards the dependent variable was moderate (R-square = 0.494). Finally, the limitations and implications of these findings are examined. Studi ini menguji manfaat yang dirasakan, kualitas informasi, dan privasi dan keamanan untuk memprediksi kepercayaan pada e-government. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data survei dan teknik random sampling dengan 100 orang warga yang mengunjungi website layanan publik pemerintah daerah sebagai responden. Sebuah skala Likert digunakan untuk membuat kuesioner. SEM-PLS melihat data untuk melihat apakah itu valid dan reliabel, serta menguji hipotesis dan regresi. Studi ini menemukan bahwa persepsi manfaat, kualitas informasi, dan privasi dan keamanan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepercayaan pada e-government dengan nilai p masing-masing 0,000, 0,001 dan 0,000. Pengaruh ketiga variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat adalah sedang (R-square = 0,494). Akhirnya, keterbatasan dan implikasi dari temuan ini diperiksa..

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Can p-values be meaningfully interpreted without random sampling?

10.31235/osf.io/yazr8 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Norbert Hirschauer ◽

Sven Gruener ◽

Oliver Mußhoff ◽

Claudia Becker ◽

Antje Jantsch

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Data Collection ◽

Random Sampling ◽

P Values ◽

The Social

Besides the inferential errors that abound in the interpretation of p-values, the probabilistic pre-conditions (i.e. random sampling or equivalent) for using them at all are not often met by observa-tional studies in the social sciences. This paper systematizes different sampling designs and discusses the restrictive requirements of data collection that are the sine-qua-non for using p-values.

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Selective Sampling and Orientation of Non-Homogeneous Tissues

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100238 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 98-99

Author(s):

C. C. Clawson ◽

L. W. Anderson ◽

R. A. Good

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Random Sampling ◽

New Method ◽

Microscope Examination ◽

Small Areas ◽

Selective Sampling ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Specific Orientation

Investigations which require electron microscope examination of a few specific areas of non-homogeneous tissues make random sampling of small blocks an inefficient and unrewarding procedure. Therefore, several investigators have devised methods which allow obtaining sample blocks for electron microscopy from region of tissue previously identified by light microscopy of present here techniques which make possible: 1) sampling tissue for electron microscopy from selected areas previously identified by light microscopy of relatively large pieces of tissue; 2) dehydration and embedding large numbers of individually identified blocks while keeping each one separate; 3) a new method of maintaining specific orientation of blocks during embedding; 4) special light microscopic staining or fluorescent procedures and electron microscopy on immediately adjacent small areas of tissue.

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