scholarly journals Fathers' Involvement in the Family, Fertility, and Maternal Employment: Evidence From Central and Eastern Europe

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Fanelli ◽  
Paola Profeta
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Second Child ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Abstract For a sample of Central and Eastern European countries, characterized by historically high female labor force participation and currently low fertility rates, we analyze whether fathers' increased involvement in the family (housework and childcare) has the potential of increasing both fertility and maternal employment. Using two waves of the Generations and Gender Survey, we show that more paternal involvement in the family increases the likelihood that the mother will have a second child and work full-time. Men's fertility and work decisions are instead unrelated to mothers' housework and childcare. We also show that fathers' involvement in housework plays a more important role than involvement in childcare. The role of fathers' involvement in housework is confirmed when we consider women who initially wanted or intended to have a child, whose partner also wanted a child, or who intended to continue working.

Fatherhood in a Changing Society: Shifts in Male Fertility Patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Kyzlinková ◽  
Anna Šťastná
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
First Child ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Transition To Fatherhood

The fertility pattern in the Czech Republic, as in other central and eastern European countries, has undergone dynamic transformation over the last quarter of a century. This study aims to contribute to the debate on the influence of structural and situational variables on fertility in low-fertility countries and extends the debate by introducing the viewpoint of male reproduction. The aim is to identify the factors influencing the transition to fatherhood among Czech men and to discuss intergenerational changes in reproductive patterns. The data employed are taken from the Czech Generations and Gender Survey (2008). The transition to first child was analysed using the event history modelling method. The results revealed that the transition to fatherhood is positively influenced by co-residence partnerships (especially marriage), by having completed a tertiary-level education and by living independently. Conversely, the likelihood is significantly reduced by student status, the absence of a relationship, and having a considerably older partner. Employing the cohort approach, it was determined that the factors which influence male transition to first birth change over time. The clear linear impact of education on the transition to fatherhood apparent with respect to older cohorts no longer applies. Moreover, the influence of the family of origin, which made up a significant factor with respect to older cohorts, has all but disappeared in the youngest cohorts. Only marriage retains its dominant role with concern to predicting the transition to fatherhood across all cohorts.

FDI patterns and trends in central and eastern Europe with particular regard to the new Member States

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-537
Author(s):  
Gábor Hunya ◽  
Béla Galgóczi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The West ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
The Eu

This article examines foreign direct investment (FDI) in the European context and assesses the significance of relocation of production and workplaces from the west to the east. The first part of the article provides a statistical overview of FDI in central and eastern European countries (CEECs) for the last five years. Structural features of FDI flow and stock are presented and the trend of an increasing role for reinvested profits is examined. The second part focuses on the qualitative features of FDI and foreign trade. It provides evidence of the incidence of relocation, the growing role of intra-industrial trade, and the changing role of manufacturing in the economies of the EU-15 and the CEECs.

scholarly journals Investment attractiveness of Central and Eastern European countries in the light of new locational advantages development

Equilibrium ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Jantoń-Drozdowska ◽  
Maria Majewska
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eclectic Paradigm ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
New Location

The aim of this work was to present the similarities between the components of competitiveness and investment attractiveness as two complementary categories, and to show the role of new locational advantages in determining the level of investment attractiveness of a country. Another objective of this paper was to provide a comparative analysis of Central and Eastern European countries in terms of their investment attractiveness. Thus this paper was organized as follows: the first part of the paper focused on a country’s competitiveness, and the traditional and new location advantages that determine its investment attractiveness in view of direct investment inflows in the light of M. Porter’s model of a diamond, an eclectic paradigm of J. H. Dunning and new growth theories. The second part presented the results of investment attractiveness analysis including selected countries of CEE in the years 1995-2013. Comparing the investment attractiveness of Central and Eastern European countries shows that a rather narrow group of countries attracts a greater amount of FDI, and many more countries have experienced a decline in FDI. Therefore, the research results allow for the conclusion that Central and Eastern Europe reduced its investment attractiveness over the past years. This means that the majority of Central and Eastern European countries are becoming less successful in attracting FDI, and therefore in shaping the environment in which foreign companies wish to conduct their business.

scholarly journals Eastern Europe in the Policy of ‘Belt And Road’: Is There a Place for Ukraine?

2019 ◽  
pp. 647-654
Author(s):  
Viktor Konstantynov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Belt And Road

The article examines China’s policy in Eastern Europe within the framework of the ‘Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)’. The level of Ukraine’s involvement in the cooperation within the framework of this initiative and China’s policy in general is analyzed. It is stressed that in recent years, the ‘Belt and Road’ Initiative is not only economic but also political and security project of China. The main purpose of the initiative is to consolidate the role of Beijing as one of the leaders in the modern world. It is noted that Europe is becoming increasingly important in China’s foreign policy. How-ever, in this region, it cannot use the usual strategy of wielding its influence, worked out in Asia and Africa. Therefore, Central and Eastern Europe, new EU members and candidate countries are considered as objects for spreading Chinese influence in the Old World. The article identifies the principal reasons for Beijing’s particular attention to Central and Eastern Europe. The main one is the relative weakness of state and political institutions and their vulnerability to financial and political instruments of the spread of Chinese influence. Also, the importance of the European Union as a market for Chinese goods continues to grow, therefore making the transit through the territory of the Eastern European countries increasingly important for Beijing. The significance of the ‘16+1’ format on the formation of a specific role of China in the region is considered. It is argued that the formal ground of the absence of Ukraine in the Chinese strategy in Central and Eastern Europe is that our state is not involved in the ‘16+1’ format. However, bilateral relations with Ukraine do not differ from those with Central and Eastern European countries. An important factor is the lack of Ukraine’s influence on political decisions of the EU, which is the main criterion for China. This accounts for the insufficient level of Ukraine’s involvement in the cooperation within the framework of the ‘Belt and Road’ Initiative. Keywords: ‘Belt and Road’ Initiative, the People’s Republic of China, Eastern Europe, European Union, Ukraine, politics.

scholarly journals Financing Healthcare in Central and Eastern European Countries: How Far Are We from Universal Health Coverage?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Marzena Tambor ◽  
Jacek Klich ◽  
Alicja Domagała
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Benefit Package ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Universal Health

After the fall of communism, the healthcare systems of Central and Eastern European countries underwent enormous transformation, resulting in departure from publicly financed healthcare. This had significant adverse effects on equity in healthcare, which are still evident. In this paper, we analyzed the role of government and households in financing healthcare in eight countries (EU-8): Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. A desk research method was applied to collect quantitative data on healthcare expenditures and qualitative data on gaps in universal health coverage. A linear regression analysis was used to analyze a trend in health expenditure over the years 2000–2018. Our results indicate that a high reliance on out-of-pocket payments persists in many EU-8 countries, and only a few countries have shown a significant downward trend over time. The gaps in universal coverage in the EU-8 countries are due to explicit rationing (a limited benefit package, patient cost sharing) and implicit mechanisms (wait times). There is need to increase the role of public financing in CEE countries through budget prioritization, reducing patient co-payments for medical products and medicines, and extending the benefit package for these goods, as well as improving the quality of care.

Survey of otolaryngology services in Ukraine and neighbouring Central and Eastern European countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (11) ◽  
pp. 1002-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Verkerk ◽  
R Wagner ◽  
R Fishchuk ◽  
J J Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Training

AbstractObjective:The present humanitarian crisis in Ukraine is putting strains on its healthcare system. This study aimed to assess services and training in otolaryngology, audiology and speech therapy in Ukraine and its geographical neighbours.Method:Survey study of 327 otolaryngologists from 19 countries.Results:Fifty-six otolaryngologists (17 per cent) from 15 countries responded. Numbers of otolaryngologists varied from 3.6 to 12.3 per 100 000 population (Ukraine = 7.8). Numbers of audiologists varied from 0, in Ukraine, to 2.8 per 100 000, in Slovakia, and numbers of speech therapists varied from 0, in Bulgaria, to 4.0 per 100 000, in Slovenia (Ukraine = 0.1). Ukraine lacks newborn and school hearing screening, good availability of otological drills and microscopes, and a cochlear implant programme.Conclusion:There is wide variation in otolaryngology services in Central and Eastern Europe. All countries surveyed had more otolaryngologists per capita than the UK, but availability of audiology and speech and language therapy is poor. Further research on otolaryngology health outcomes in the region will guide service improvement.

scholarly journals Familial Support as a Determinant of Women Career Development: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Balance Family

Although women’s participation in the workforce has increased remarkably in recent times but women are still lagging behind because of the traditional thinking and attitudes of their families in the context of Bangladesh. The purpose of the current study was to explore the role of the family in shaping women’s career development. The study was conducted in a qualitative approach and it was exploratory in nature. The study was conducted during November-December, 2019 in Khulna division, Bangladesh. The purposive sampling procedure was used to select the 25 respondents of the study. The respondents constituted of working women from different professions. Primary data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews extending from 35 to 45 minutes. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis method and nine themes emerged from the transcripts. The emerged themes were acceptance and aspiration from family, spousal support, being a mother, grown-up children as helping hands, family and work balance, family as a social network, family as a barrier, family as a lever, and gender inequality. This research highlighted the fact that women’s career practices and its development depended highly on familial roles. The family possesses the ability to affect women’s career success both positively and negatively. The study revealed that women who received positive support from their families were more motivated and achieved greater success in their professional life. Family can serve both as a lever as well as a barrier in shaping a woman’s career.

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